Alphabeta Math
TheoremStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-generatedprecheck passaudited 2026-08-30
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Weak four lemma with the exactness hypotheses named

Statement

In the four-term commutative diagram of the four lemma, the two conclusions already follow from exactness at the four middle nodes that are actually used:

  1. exactness at X, Y, X′, and Y′, together with α,γ epic and δ monic, implies β epic;
  2. exactness at X, Y, X′, and Y′, together with β,δ monic and α epic, implies γ monic.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The four-term commutative diagram underlying the four lemma.

[L1]

Monicity is equivalent to cancellation on members (Monicity by member cancellation).

[L2]

Epicity is equivalent to the member-lifting property (Epimorphy is detected by members).

[L3]

Exactness at a node is equivalent to the member-lifting condition (Exactness is detected by members).

[L4]

The common-refinement construction for member equivalence puts finitely many witness equalities on one epic domain, where hom-set subtraction is defined (Equivalence of members, Member equivalence is transitive, Abelian category).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1L1L2L3assume-hypconstruct

Write the top row as W→iX→jY→pZ and the bottom row as W′→i′X′→j′Y′→p′Z′. Assume that exactness holds at X, Y, X′, and Y′, and that α and γ are epic while δ is monic. Let x′ be a member of X′. By epicity of γ and [L2], choose a member y of Y with γy≡j′x′. Then δpy=p′γy≡p′j′x′≡0, so monicity of δ and [L1] give py≡0. Exactness at Y gives a member x0 of X with jx0≡y by [L3].

1.2L1L3L4assume-hypchooseconstructalgebra

Assume instead that exactness holds at X, Y, X′, and Y′, that β and δ are monic, and that α is epic. Let y and y′ be members of Y with γy≡γy′. Then δpy=p′γy≡p′γy′=δpy′, so [L1] gives py≡py′. By [L4], replace y and y′ by representatives on one common epic refinement of the witnesses for both equalities and define t:=y−y′. Then γt=pt=0 and y=y′+t on that domain. Exactness at Y gives a member x of X with jx≡t by [L3].

2.1L2L3L4step 1.1chooseconstructalgebra

Now j′βx0=γjx0≡γy≡j′x′. By [L4], replace βx0 and x′ by representatives on a common epic domain and define z′:=x′−βx0. Then j′z′=0 and x′=βx0+z′ on that domain. Exactness at X′ gives a member w′ of W′ with i′w′≡z′ by [L3], and epicity of α gives a member w of W with αw≡w′ by [L2]. Therefore β(x0+iw)≡βx0+i′αw≡βx0+i′w′≡βx0+z′≡x′. So [L2] makes β epic.

2.2L1L2L3step 1.2algebra

From step 1.2 we get j′βx=γjx≡γt≡0. Exactness at X′ gives a member w′ of W′ with i′w′≡βx by [L3]. Since α is epic, choose w in W with αw≡w′ by [L2]. Then β(x−iw)≡βx−i′αw≡βx−i′w′≡0. Because β is monic, [L1] yields x≡iw, and therefore t≡jx≡jiw≡0. So y≡y′, and [L1] makes γ monic.

3.1step 1.2step 2.2∎

Hence the weak four lemma follows from the named middle-node exactness hypotheses alone.

Depends on

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