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A smooth symmetric nondegenerate 2-tensor field of inertia (2,2,0)
Statement refuted
Statement refuted: "every smooth symmetric nondegenerate covariant -tensor field on a smooth four-manifold is a Lorentzian metric, so that has inertia at every point" (Smooth covariant 2-tensor fields on a smooth manifold, Smooth time-oriented Lorentzian four-manifolds: the geometric objects of the model).
Facts & Assumptions
Given: with its standard smooth structure and global identity chart, and the family of bilinear forms with constant components in that chart.
A family of bilinear forms with components in the charts of an atlas is a smooth covariant -tensor field; it is symmetric when the component matrix is symmetric and nondegenerate when the determinant of the component matrix is nowhere zero (Smooth covariant 2-tensor fields on a smooth manifold, Euclidean spaces and Euclidean open subsets as smooth manifolds).
The inertia of a real symmetric bilinear form is the triple of numbers of positive, negative and zero entries in any diagonalizing basis, and it is independent of that basis (Positive and negative definiteness, the inertia , rank , and signature of a real symmetric bilinear or quadratic form, Two real symmetric bilinear forms are congruent if and only if they have the same inertia).
A Lorentz form on a -dimensional real vector space is a symmetric nondegenerate bilinear form with inertia ; a smooth Lorentzian four-manifold is a smooth four-manifold whose metric has this inertia at every point (Lorentz forms of inertia (3,1,0) on a 4-dimensional real vector space, Smooth time-oriented Lorentzian four-manifolds: the geometric objects of the model).
Counterexample
The component matrix is constant, hence , and symmetric with determinant ; by [L1] the family is a smooth symmetric nondegenerate covariant -tensor field on .
In the global chart the matrix is already diagonal with two positive entries and two negative entries and no zero entry; by [L2] the inertia of each is therefore , independent of any further basis choice.
Since , is not a Lorentz form by [L3], so is not a smooth Lorentzian four-manifold; hence the refuted statement is false. The same computation with the constant matrix gives a smooth symmetric nondegenerate field of inertia , a Riemannian metric, which also fails the Lorentzian signature condition; both witnesses show that the signature clause in the definition of a Lorentzian metric is a genuine additional requirement beyond symmetry, smoothness and nondegeneracy.
Remarks
The counterexample refutes the implication "smooth symmetric nondegenerate Lorentzian"; it makes no claim about whether a field of inertia is realized as the metric of any model of this framework, and it does not assert that signature is locally constant along a connected manifold.
Depends on
Smooth covariant 2-tensor fields on a smooth manifold
Smooth time-oriented Lorentzian four-manifolds: the geometric objects of the model
Lorentz forms of inertia (3,1,0) on a 4-dimensional real vector space
Positive and negative definiteness, the inertia , rank , and signature of a real symmetric bilinear or quadratic form
Two real symmetric bilinear forms are congruent if and only if they have the same inertia
Euclidean spaces and Euclidean open subsets as smooth manifolds