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A smooth symmetric nondegenerate 2-tensor field of inertia (2,2,0)

Statement refuted

Statement refuted: "every smooth symmetric nondegenerate covariant 2-tensor field on a smooth four-manifold is a Lorentzian metric, so that gp has inertia (3,1,0) at every point" (Smooth covariant 2-tensor fields on a smooth manifold, Smooth time-oriented Lorentzian four-manifolds: the geometric objects of the model).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: M=R4 with its standard smooth structure and global identity chart, and the family B=(Bp) of bilinear forms with constant components diag⁡(1,1,−1,−1) in that chart.

[L1]

A family of bilinear forms with C∞ components in the charts of an atlas is a smooth covariant 2-tensor field; it is symmetric when the component matrix is symmetric and nondegenerate when the determinant of the component matrix is nowhere zero (Smooth covariant 2-tensor fields on a smooth manifold, Euclidean spaces and Euclidean open subsets as smooth manifolds).

[L2]

The inertia of a real symmetric bilinear form is the triple (p,q,r) of numbers of positive, negative and zero entries in any diagonalizing basis, and it is independent of that basis (Positive and negative definiteness, the inertia (p,q,r), rank p+q, and signature p−q of a real symmetric bilinear or quadratic form, Two real symmetric bilinear forms are congruent if and only if they have the same inertia).

[L3]

A Lorentz form on a 4-dimensional real vector space is a symmetric nondegenerate bilinear form with inertia (3,1,0); a smooth Lorentzian four-manifold is a smooth four-manifold whose metric has this inertia at every point (Lorentz forms of inertia (3,1,0) on a 4-dimensional real vector space, Smooth time-oriented Lorentzian four-manifolds: the geometric objects of the model).

Counterexample

1.1L1given

The component matrix diag⁡(1,1,−1,−1) is constant, hence C∞, and symmetric with determinant 1≠0; by [L1] the family B is a smooth symmetric nondegenerate covariant 2-tensor field on M.

1.2L2algebra

In the global chart the matrix is already diagonal with two positive entries and two negative entries and no zero entry; by [L2] the inertia of each Bp is therefore (2,2,0), independent of any further basis choice.

2.1step 1.1step 1.2L3∎

Since (2,2,0)≠(3,1,0), Bp is not a Lorentz form by [L3], so (M,B) is not a smooth Lorentzian four-manifold; hence the refuted statement is false. The same computation with the constant matrix diag⁡(1,1,1,1) gives a smooth symmetric nondegenerate field of inertia (4,0,0), a Riemannian metric, which also fails the Lorentzian signature condition; both witnesses show that the signature clause in the definition of a Lorentzian metric is a genuine additional requirement beyond symmetry, smoothness and nondegeneracy.

Remarks

The counterexample refutes the implication "smooth symmetric nondegenerate ⇒ Lorentzian"; it makes no claim about whether a field of inertia (2,2,0) is realized as the metric of any model of this framework, and it does not assert that signature is locally constant along a connected manifold.

Depends on

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