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A tetrad field that is not the coordinate frame of any chart

Statement refuted

Statement refuted: "every smooth future-directed tetrad field on a nonempty open subset of flat Lorentzian four-space is the coordinate frame of some smooth chart" (Local frame fields, coordinate frames and tetrad fields).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The shearing congruence example on the open set W={∣λx1∣<1/2}⊆R4 with its future-directed tetrad field E=(E0,E1,E2,E3).

[L1]

On W the tuple (E0,E1,E2,E3) with E0=γ(∂0+Ω∂2), E1=∂1, E2=γ(Ω∂0+∂2), E3=∂3, Ω=λx1, γ=(1−Ω2)−1/2, is a smooth future-directed tetrad field, and [E0,E1]=−γ′∂0−(γΩ)′∂2 with γ′=γ3λ2x1, nonzero at every point of W with x1≠0 (A shearing observer congruence on flat spacetime: tetrad, adapted chart and non-coordinate frame).

[L2]

The coordinate frame (∂v0,∂v1,∂v2,∂v3) of a smooth chart has pairwise commuting members: [∂va,∂vb]=0 for all a,b; consequently a frame field with a nonvanishing bracket is not the coordinate frame of any chart (Local frame fields, coordinate frames and tetrad fields).

Counterexample

1.1L1algebra

By [L1], E is a smooth future-directed tetrad field on the nonempty open subset W of flat Lorentzian four-space, and [E0,E1]=−γ′∂0−(γΩ)′∂2 with γ′=γ3λ2x1. At every point of W with x1≠0 we have γ′≠0, so the coefficient of ∂0 in [E0,E1] is nonzero and [E0,E1]≠0 there; such points exist in W.

2.1step 1.1L2∎

Suppose, for contradiction, that E were the coordinate frame of a smooth chart (V,v) on some open subset of W: that is, Ea=∂va on the chart domain for a=0,1,2,3. Then by [L2] we would have [Ea,Eb]=[∂va,∂vb]=0 for all a,b, contradicting step 1.1: every nonempty open chart domain V⊆W contains a point with x1≠0, since the hyperplane {x1=0} has empty interior in R4, and the bracket is nonzero at that point. Hence no such chart exists, and the displayed general statement is refuted.

Remarks

This counterexample uses the necessary commutation condition to refute the universal claim; it makes no assertion about the sufficiency of that condition. The companion example A shearing observer congruence on flat spacetime: tetrad, adapted chart and non-coordinate frame exhibits an adapted chart for the same congruence, so "adapted chart" and "coordinate frame equal to the tetrad" are different requirements.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

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