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A tetrad field that is not the coordinate frame of any chart
Statement refuted
Statement refuted: "every smooth future-directed tetrad field on a nonempty open subset of flat Lorentzian four-space is the coordinate frame of some smooth chart" (Local frame fields, coordinate frames and tetrad fields).
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The shearing congruence example on the open set with its future-directed tetrad field .
On the tuple with , , , , , , is a smooth future-directed tetrad field, and with , nonzero at every point of with (A shearing observer congruence on flat spacetime: tetrad, adapted chart and non-coordinate frame).
The coordinate frame of a smooth chart has pairwise commuting members: for all ; consequently a frame field with a nonvanishing bracket is not the coordinate frame of any chart (Local frame fields, coordinate frames and tetrad fields).
Counterexample
By [L1], is a smooth future-directed tetrad field on the nonempty open subset of flat Lorentzian four-space, and with . At every point of with we have , so the coefficient of in is nonzero and there; such points exist in .
Suppose, for contradiction, that were the coordinate frame of a smooth chart on some open subset of : that is, on the chart domain for . Then by [L2] we would have for all , contradicting step 1.1: every nonempty open chart domain contains a point with , since the hyperplane has empty interior in , and the bracket is nonzero at that point. Hence no such chart exists, and the displayed general statement is refuted.
Remarks
This counterexample uses the necessary commutation condition to refute the universal claim; it makes no assertion about the sufficiency of that condition. The companion example A shearing observer congruence on flat spacetime: tetrad, adapted chart and non-coordinate frame exhibits an adapted chart for the same congruence, so "adapted chart" and "coordinate frame equal to the tetrad" are different requirements.
Depends on
Dependency tree · 2 levels
Sources
- S. M. Carroll, Lecture Notes on General Relativity, arXiv:gr-qc/9712019v1 (1997), Ch. 3 'tetrads and non-coordinate bases', printed pp. 88-91 (PDF pp. 95-98)
- J. M. Lee, Introduction to Smooth Manifolds, 2nd ed., Ch. 8 'Vector Fields': Lie brackets and the commuting of coordinate vector fields, printed pp. 185-189