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Rindler radar distance between two coaxial observers is not symmetric under interchange
Conditional model computation of the radar protocol for two coaxial uniformly accelerated ideal observers in flat classical spacetime with ideal clocks, ideal light rays and ideal reflectors. The asymmetry exhibited is a property of the two observers' radar assignments; no physical anisotropy, apparatus, measurement, statistical or empirical claim is made.
Statement refuted
For every pair of future timelike worldlines and of the model for which the radar protocol of The operational radar protocol of an ideal observer applies with as observer and as reflector, the radar distance assigned by to the reflection event on equals the radar distance assigned by to the reflection event on ; that is, the radar distance between two observers is symmetric under interchange of observer and reflector.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The inertial chart with of the flat model; the Rindler congruence data of The Rindler chart: causal horizons of a uniformly accelerated observer and the restrictions of radar time and distance; the coaxial worldlines () and () with the same coordinates, , ; and the radar protocol of The operational radar protocol of an ideal observer applied with each worldline in turn as the observer.
Rindler chart and congruence: , ; the future null lines in the plane of the two worldlines are the constant- and constant- lines; the congruence worldlines have proper acceleration and Rindler time up to an additive constant (The Rindler chart: causal horizons of a uniformly accelerated observer and the restrictions of radar time and distance (i),(ii); Proper time along a future timelike worldline).
Radar protocol: the radar distance assigned by the observer is , half the round-trip proper time of the observer multiplied by , given emission event , reflection event , and reception event with and future null (The operational radar protocol of an ideal observer).
The radar round trip of the coaxial Rindler family: from at Rindler time to the reflector at , the reflection occurs at and the return at , giving radar distance for the observer at (The Rindler chart: causal horizons of a uniformly accelerated observer and the restrictions of radar time and distance (iii)).
Hyperbolic values: , , and , so at one has , , and (The six hyperbolic functions and their natural domains, Addition formulas, identities, parity, and derivatives of the hyperbolic functions, The natural logarithm as the inverse of the exponential function, Order, continuity, range, and the product, quotient, and reciprocal laws for the natural logarithm).
Coordinates and chart: points are determined by their inertial coordinates and (Inertial frames and inertial charts of the affine Minkowski model, Oriented time-oriented affine Minkowski space (the spacetime primitives)).
Counterexample
(Radar distance from to .) By [L3] applied with observer radius and reflector radius , emitted from at , the reflection event on is at Rindler time and the return event on at Rindler time , so the round trip takes of 's proper time and the radar distance assigned by is ; by [L1] and [L4] the reflection event is and the reception event is .
(Radar distance from to .) Now take as observer, emitting at its Rindler time zero from . The future null line from toward is the constant- line with (the constant- line leaves the radius increasing), and it meets at the unique Rindler time with , i.e. , at the reflection event by [L4]. The return leg is the constant- line through , with , and it reaches at the unique Rindler time with , i.e. and , at the event by [L4].
(The two assignments.) By [L2] and [L1], the round trip of step 1.2 lasts in Rindler time of , whose proper time satisfies , so the elapsed proper time of is and the radar distance assigned by is .
(Asymmetry and scope.) Steps 1.1 and 2.1 give and , and with makes , so and the radar distance between the two worldlines depends on which worldline is the observer; both reflection events lie in the causal future of their emission events by step 1.2 and [L1], and the protocol's symmetric half-split convention of [L2] was retained. This is a property of the two radar assignments, not a physical anisotropy; no measurement, statistical or empirical claim is made, and no choice principle was used.
Depends on
The Rindler chart: causal horizons of a uniformly accelerated observer and the restrictions of radar time and distance
The operational radar protocol of an ideal observer
Inertial frames and inertial charts of the affine Minkowski model
Oriented time-oriented affine Minkowski space (the spacetime primitives)
The natural logarithm as the inverse of the exponential function
Order, continuity, range, and the product, quotient, and reciprocal laws for the natural logarithm
The six hyperbolic functions and their natural domains
Addition formulas, identities, parity, and derivatives of the hyperbolic functions
Proper time along a future timelike worldline
Dependency tree · 2 levels
Sources
- Wikipedia, 'Rindler coordinates': section 'Notions of distance' (the radar distance between Rindler observers at x_0 and x_0 + h and the explicit caution against assuming that radar distance is symmetric under interchange of the observers)
- B. Crowell, Special Relativity, revision 2020-12-10 (author-published undergraduate textbook, 246 PDF pages): Section 3.5.2 and Section 7.1 pp. 61-62 and 147-148 (hyperbolic motion and accelerated coordinates in the convention x^0 = c t); signature (+---) converted to (-+++), c = 1 formulas restored to x^0 = c t