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Rindler radar distance between two coaxial observers is not symmetric under interchange

Physical scope

Conditional model computation of the radar protocol for two coaxial uniformly accelerated ideal observers in flat classical spacetime with ideal clocks, ideal light rays and ideal reflectors. The asymmetry exhibited is a property of the two observers' radar assignments; no physical anisotropy, apparatus, measurement, statistical or empirical claim is made.

Statement refuted

For every pair of future timelike worldlines y and y′ of the model for which the radar protocol of The operational radar protocol of an ideal observer applies with y as observer and y′ as reflector, the radar distance assigned by y to the reflection event on y′ equals the radar distance assigned by y′ to the reflection event on y; that is, the radar distance between two observers is symmetric under interchange of observer and reflector.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The inertial chart x with x0=ct of the flat model; the Rindler congruence data of The Rindler chart: causal horizons of a uniformly accelerated observer and the restrictions of radar time and distance; the coaxial worldlines O (ρ=ρ0) and R (ρ=2ρ0) with the same y=z=0 coordinates, ρ0>0, c>0; and the radar protocol of The operational radar protocol of an ideal observer applied with each worldline in turn as the observer.

[L1]

Rindler chart and congruence: U=ρeθ, V=−ρe−θ; the future null lines in the plane of the two worldlines are the constant-U and constant-V lines; the congruence worldlines have proper acceleration c2/ρ and Rindler time θ=cτ/ρ up to an additive constant (The Rindler chart: causal horizons of a uniformly accelerated observer and the restrictions of radar time and distance (i),(ii); Proper time along a future timelike worldline).

[L2]

Radar protocol: the radar distance assigned by the observer is c(τ(s+)−τ(s−))/2, half the round-trip proper time of the observer multiplied by c, given emission event e−, reflection event q, and reception event e+ with q−e− and e+−q future null (The operational radar protocol of an ideal observer).

[L3]

The radar round trip of the coaxial Rindler family: from O at Rindler time θe to the reflector at ρm, the reflection occurs at θm=θe+∣log⁡(ρm/ρ0)∣ and the return at θe+2∣log⁡(ρm/ρ0)∣, giving radar distance ρ0∣log⁡(ρm/ρ0)∣ for the observer at ρ0 (The Rindler chart: causal horizons of a uniformly accelerated observer and the restrictions of radar time and distance (iii)).

[L4]

Hyperbolic values: sinh⁡u=(eu−e−u)/2, cosh⁡u=(eu+e−u)/2, cosh⁡2u−sinh⁡2u=1 and cosh⁡u+sinh⁡u=eu, so at u=log⁡2 one has sinh⁡log⁡2=3/4, cosh⁡log⁡2=5/4, sinh⁡(2log⁡2)=15/8 and cosh⁡(2log⁡2)=17/8 (The six hyperbolic functions and their natural domains, Addition formulas, identities, parity, and derivatives of the hyperbolic functions, The natural logarithm as the inverse of the exponential function, Order, continuity, range, and the product, quotient, and reciprocal laws for the natural logarithm).

[L5]

Coordinates and chart: points are determined by their inertial coordinates and x0=ct (Inertial frames and inertial charts of the affine Minkowski model, Oriented time-oriented affine Minkowski space (the spacetime primitives)).

Counterexample

1.1L1L3L4algebra

(Radar distance from O to R.) By [L3] applied with observer radius ρ0 and reflector radius ρm=2ρ0, emitted from O at θe=0, the reflection event on R is at Rindler time log⁡2 and the return event on O at Rindler time 2log⁡2, so the round trip takes 2ρ0log⁡2/c of O's proper time and the radar distance assigned by O is D1=ρ0log⁡2; by [L1] and [L4] the reflection event is x−1(ρ0⋅2⋅(3/4),ρ0⋅2⋅(5/4),0,0)=x−1(3ρ0/2,5ρ0/2,0,0) and the reception event is x−1(ρ0sinh⁡(2log⁡2),ρ0cosh⁡(2log⁡2),0,0)=x−1(15ρ0/8,17ρ0/8,0,0).

1.2L1L4L5algebra

(Radar distance from R to O.) Now take R as observer, emitting at its Rindler time zero from r−=x−1(0,2ρ0,0,0). The future null line from r− toward O is the constant-U line with U=2ρ0 (the constant-V line leaves the radius increasing), and it meets ρ=ρ0 at the unique Rindler time θ with ρ0eθ=2ρ0, i.e. θ=log⁡2, at the reflection event qm′=x−1(ρ0sinh⁡log⁡2,ρ0cosh⁡log⁡2,0,0)=x−1(3ρ0/4,5ρ0/4,0,0) by [L4]. The return leg is the constant-V line through qm′, with V=−ρ0e−log⁡2=−ρ0/2, and it reaches R at the unique Rindler time θ with −(2ρ0)e−θ=−ρ0/2, i.e. e−θ=1/4 and θ=2log⁡2, at the event x−1(2ρ0sinh⁡(2log⁡2),2ρ0cosh⁡(2log⁡2),0,0)=x−1(15ρ0/4,17ρ0/4,0,0) by [L4].

2.1L1L2step 1.2algebra

(The two assignments.) By [L2] and [L1], the round trip of step 1.2 lasts (2log⁡2) in Rindler time of R, whose proper time satisfies dτ=ρm dθ/c=(2ρ0/c) dθ, so the elapsed proper time of R is 4ρ0log⁡2/c and the radar distance assigned by R is D2=c⋅(1/2)⋅4ρ0log⁡2/c=2ρ0log⁡2.

3.1L1L2L4step 1.1step 2.1∎

(Asymmetry and scope.) Steps 1.1 and 2.1 give D1=ρ0log⁡2 and D2=2ρ0log⁡2, and log⁡2>log⁡1=0 with ρ0>0 makes D1>0, so D2=2D1≠D1 and the radar distance between the two worldlines depends on which worldline is the observer; both reflection events lie in the causal future of their emission events by step 1.2 and [L1], and the protocol's symmetric half-split convention of [L2] was retained. This is a property of the two radar assignments, not a physical anisotropy; no measurement, statistical or empirical claim is made, and no choice principle was used.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

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