How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
The basis-independent characteristic polynomial of an endomorphism of a finite-dimensional space, including in dimension zero
Definition
Let be an endomorphism of a finite-dimensional vector space over . Choose an ordered basis and define
Matrices representing the same endomorphism in different ordered bases are similar, and similar matrices have the same characteristic polynomial. Hence is independent of . When , the empty ordered basis gives .
Depends on
For , the characteristic polynomial is when , with for the unique matrix
Similar matrices have the same characteristic polynomial
Coordinate columns and matrices of linear maps relative to ordered bases
Similarity is an equivalence relation, and two matrices represent the same endomorphism in two bases exactly when they are similar