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Calabi–Yau threefold intersection and Kähler-volume coordinates

Physical scope

Classical geometric Kähler-cone coordinates on a chosen compact threefold. No orientifold projection, quantum correction, or dimensional reduction is asserted here.

Definition

Let X be the smooth compact Kähler threefold of the compactification datum, and use its complex orientation for every integral and duality convention below. Choose a real basis [ωa], 1≤a≤h1,1(X), of H1,1(X;R), represented by smooth real closed (1,1)-forms. When this space is spanned by integral classes, the basis may be chosen integral and its lattice normalization must be stated; broad KX-triviality alone does not imply that such an integral basis spans the whole real space. For the dimensionless Kähler form J in α′=1 units, write its Kähler class as [J]=va[ωa] with unique real coefficients va. No equality between the selected form representatives is imposed. Define κabc=∫Xωa∧ωb∧ωc, V=16∫XJ3=16κabcvavbvc, and τa=∂V/∂va=12κabcvbvc. Thus va are Kähler-cone coordinates; if a dual two-cycle basis γa satisfies ∫γaωb=δba, then va=∫γaJ and are curve volumes when those classes are effective. If a divisor basis Da is supplied with each Da dual to [ωa], the associated divisor-volume coordinate is defined in this intersection convention by τ(Da):=12κabcvbvc=τa; without such a divisor basis, τa are the dual real coordinates defined by ∂V/∂va. The total dimensionless volume is V, and the physical volume is (α′)3V in this convention. For Type IIB O3/O7 data, indices are restricted to a specified orientifold-even Kähler basis and odd-basis intersection couplings are stated separately.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Full AC; the compactification data of Calabi–Yau threefold data used by string compactifications with the complex orientation; a real basis [ωa] of H1,1(X;R) with chosen smooth closed representatives; the cohomology-class expansion [J]=va[ωa]; and the α′=1 length convention. Any integral lattice normalization is declared separately.

[F1]

Calabi–Yau threefold data used by string compactifications supplies the smooth compact threefold, orientation, Kähler class, and integral-cohomology conventions as separate data.

[F2]

Kähler class, canonical bundle, and Ricci form defines the Kähler form ω as a smooth real closed positive (1,1)-form, using J there for the complex structure. Here the Kähler form is instead denoted by J, as in the compactification datum; it has those same form properties, so J3 is a smooth top-degree form.

[A1]

Adopt the full Axiom of Choice The Axiom of Choice already inherited through the Kähler-class supplier; restricting a choice function to countable families supplies the countable-choice hypothesis of The general Stokes theorem.

[F3]

The general Stokes theorem gives zero integral for an exact top-degree form on a compact oriented manifold without boundary, by its compact-support formulation.

Proof

technique · direct expansion and differentiation

Given: The stated real (1,1) basis, [J]=va[ωa], the full AC in [A1], and the fixed α′=1 convention from the Facts & Assumptions section.

1.1A1F1F2F3givenalgebra

The classes [ωa] have real cohomological degree two and commute under cup product. From [J]=va[ωa], [J]3=vavbvc[ωa∧ωb∧ωc]. Replacing any closed representative by a cohomologous one changes this top-degree product by an exact form, whose integral is zero by [F3] under the AC premise [A1]. Hence ∫XJ3=κabcvavbvc. In a positively complex-oriented orthonormal real coframe (e1,f1,e2,f2,e3,f3), the Kähler form is J=∑j=13ej∧fj, so J3=6dVg. Thus ∫XJ3/6 is the metric volume, giving V=κabcvavbvc/6. Since each factor of Jphys has units of length squared and Jphys=α′J, the physical six-volume is (α′)3V.

2.1givenstep 1.1algebra∎

The intersection numbers are symmetric in a,b,c because degree-two wedge products commute. Differentiating the cubic gives three equal terms, ∂vaV=(1/6)(κabcvbvc+κbacvbvc+κbcavbvc)=κabcvbvc/2. This is the defined dual coordinate τa, with the divisor-volume interpretation in the Definition only when the corresponding divisor class is supplied; it is distinct from the Kähler coefficient va and the total volume V.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

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