How statement and proof provenance work
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These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Calabi–Yau threefold intersection and Kähler-volume coordinates
Classical geometric Kähler-cone coordinates on a chosen compact threefold. No orientifold projection, quantum correction, or dimensional reduction is asserted here.
Definition
Let be the smooth compact Kähler threefold of the compactification datum, and use its complex orientation for every integral and duality convention below. Choose a real basis , , of , represented by smooth real closed -forms. When this space is spanned by integral classes, the basis may be chosen integral and its lattice normalization must be stated; broad -triviality alone does not imply that such an integral basis spans the whole real space. For the dimensionless Kähler form in units, write its Kähler class as with unique real coefficients . No equality between the selected form representatives is imposed. Define , , and . Thus are Kähler-cone coordinates; if a dual two-cycle basis satisfies , then and are curve volumes when those classes are effective. If a divisor basis is supplied with each dual to , the associated divisor-volume coordinate is defined in this intersection convention by ; without such a divisor basis, are the dual real coordinates defined by . The total dimensionless volume is , and the physical volume is in this convention. For Type IIB O3/O7 data, indices are restricted to a specified orientifold-even Kähler basis and odd-basis intersection couplings are stated separately.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Full AC; the compactification data of Calabi–Yau threefold data used by string compactifications with the complex orientation; a real basis of with chosen smooth closed representatives; the cohomology-class expansion ; and the length convention. Any integral lattice normalization is declared separately.
Calabi–Yau threefold data used by string compactifications supplies the smooth compact threefold, orientation, Kähler class, and integral-cohomology conventions as separate data.
Kähler class, canonical bundle, and Ricci form defines the Kähler form as a smooth real closed positive -form, using there for the complex structure. Here the Kähler form is instead denoted by , as in the compactification datum; it has those same form properties, so is a smooth top-degree form.
Adopt the full Axiom of Choice The Axiom of Choice already inherited through the Kähler-class supplier; restricting a choice function to countable families supplies the countable-choice hypothesis of The general Stokes theorem.
The general Stokes theorem gives zero integral for an exact top-degree form on a compact oriented manifold without boundary, by its compact-support formulation.
Proof
Given: The stated real basis, , the full AC in [A1], and the fixed convention from the Facts & Assumptions section.
The classes have real cohomological degree two and commute under cup product. From , . Replacing any closed representative by a cohomologous one changes this top-degree product by an exact form, whose integral is zero by [F3] under the AC premise [A1]. Hence . In a positively complex-oriented orthonormal real coframe , the Kähler form is , so . Thus is the metric volume, giving . Since each factor of has units of length squared and , the physical six-volume is .
The intersection numbers are symmetric in because degree-two wedge products commute. Differentiating the cubic gives three equal terms, . This is the defined dual coordinate , with the divisor-volume interpretation in the Definition only when the corresponding divisor class is supplied; it is distinct from the Kähler coefficient and the total volume .