How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
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These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Improper multiple integrals and absolute convergence on open sets
Definition
Let be open. A function is locally Riemann integrable when its restriction to every compact Jordan set is Riemann integrable.
For nonnegative , its improper integral is the extended-real supremum of its compact Jordan integrals.
The supremum exists in by Every subset of has a least upper bound and a greatest lower bound in , agreeing with the real supremum and infimum on nonempty sets bounded in and includes the empty compact set, whose integral is .
For a signed locally Riemann-integrable , set and . These functions are locally integrable by the absolute-value and linearity clauses of Linearity, monotonicity, the absolute-value estimate and coordinate-slice additivity for the Riemann integral in , and . The function is absolutely improperly integrable when . A locally Riemann-integrable signed function is improperly integrable precisely when the nonnegative improper integral of its absolute value is finite. In that case define
a difference of finite real numbers. Thus this exhaustion-independent signed convention has no branch.
Remarks
Conditional one-variable improper integrals use a fixed order of approach to their endpoints. The definition here instead requires independence from compact Jordan exhaustions, so signed integrability is absolute in every dimension.
Depends on
Compact Jordan exhaustions of open subsets of
Linearity, monotonicity, the absolute-value estimate and coordinate-slice additivity for the Riemann integral in
The extended real line , its order, and the arithmetic that is left undefined
Every subset of has a least upper bound and a greatest lower bound in , agreeing with the real supremum and infimum on nonempty sets bounded in