How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Oriented Grassmannians and the tautological oriented bundle
Definition
For , the oriented Grassmannian is
An ordered orthonormal frame determines its span together with the orientation it transports from , and the quotient identifies exactly the frames inducing the same oriented plane. The associated standard bundle is the tautological bundle ; its fiber over is with orientation , in the sense of Oriented real bundles and oriented frame bundles.
The stable coordinate inclusions from Stiefel spaces, Grassmannians, and tautological bundles define
with the weak direct-limit topology. This chosen model is denoted .
For , forgetting the orientation is the double cover , since a positive-dimensional real vector space has exactly two orientations. After forgetting orientation, is the pullback of along this cover. For , both Grassmannians are points and the tautological bundle has its canonical rank-zero orientation.