Alphabeta Math
DefinitionDefinition: AI-adaptedProof: Not applicablePipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-12
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Principal g bundle and associated fiber bundle

Definition

Let G be a topological group, as in Topological group: multiplication and inversion are continuous, with identity 1. A right principal G-bundle is a continuous map π:P→B with a continuous right action (p,g)↦pg, satisfying p1=p, (pg)h=p(gh) and π(pg)=π(p), together with equivariant bundle charts θi:π−1(Ui)≅Ui×G over an open cover. Equivariance means θi(pg)=(b,ag) whenever θi(p)=(b,a). Charts use ordinary products as in Locally trivial fiber bundle. In each fiber the action is free and transitive: right multiplication on G has those properties and the chart identifies the actions. Freeness alone is not the definition.

A left G-space is a topological space F with a continuous map (g,x)↦gx such that 1x=x and g(hx)=(gh)x. Effectiveness of this action is not required. Define P×GF=(P×F)/((pg,x)∼(p,gx)) with the ordinary quotient topology, and write [p,x] for its points. Precisely, the relation is the orbit relation of the right action (p,x)⋅g=(pg,g−1x). Its action law is ((p,x)⋅g)⋅h=(pgh,h−1g−1x)=(p,x)⋅(gh), and its generating relations are exactly the displayed ones. Thus the equivalence relation and quotient are defined without choosing orbit representatives.

The projection r([p,x])=π(p) is well-defined and continuous by For a quotient map q:X→Y, a map out of Y is continuous iff its composite with q is; a continuous map on X constant on the fibres of q factors uniquely through q; and a composite of quotient maps is a quotient map, since (p,x)↦π(p) is continuous and constant on every orbit. This is the associated fiber-bundle construction; the next proposition proves its local triviality and pullback property. The quotient construction and projection already make sense before that proof.

If B is empty then P is empty. If F is empty the associated space is empty even for nonempty B; this is allowed by our bundle convention. For singleton F the construction is the orbit projection of the principal bundle. For the trivial group it is the product with F over the chart-identified base. No AC is used.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources