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DefinitionDefinition: AI-adaptedProof: Not applicablePipeline-generatedprecheck passverified 2026-10-22 (gpt-6.1-sol)
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The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Chern–Simons and BF action data

Physical scope

Pure mathematics; no physical premises or empirical claim.

Definition

Let M be a compact oriented smooth three-manifold, possibly with smooth boundary, and fix a trivialization of a principal G-bundle over M, where G has finite-dimensional real Lie algebra g. Give g its Lie bracket [ , ]g and a nondegenerate symmetric bilinear form ⟨ , ⟩g satisfying ⟨[X,Y]g,Z⟩g=⟨X,[Y,Z]g⟩g. Write Ωp(M;g)=Γ(M,∧pT∗M⊗g) for smooth g-valued p-forms. Extend the Lie bracket and pairing to homogeneous simple tensors by [X⊗α,Y⊗β]=[X,Y]g⊗(α∧β) and ⟨X⊗α,Y⊗β⟩=⟨X,Y⟩g α∧β, then extend bilinearly.

A connection in the chosen trivialization is a form A∈Ω1(M;g). Its curvature and covariant exterior derivative are FA=dA+12[A,A] and DAX=dX+[A,X]. Define the local Chern–Simons functional and the BF functional, for B∈Ω1(M;g), by

CS⁡(A)=∫M⟨A∧dA+13A∧[A,A]⟩,BF⁡(B,A)=∫M⟨B∧FA⟩.

These are integrals of smooth top forms on a compact oriented manifold. The Chern–Simons formula is the local expression in the fixed trivialization; it does not define a globally gauge-invariant exponentiated action on arbitrary nontrivial bundles without additional characteristic-class and level data. No path-integral measure, quantization, or identification with a Reshetikhin–Turaev amplitude is part of this definition.

Dependency tree · 0 levels

Nothing. This result depends on no other item in the library.

Sources