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DefinitionDefinition: Literature-sourcedProof: Not applicablePipeline-generatedverified 2026-10-22 (gpt-6.1-sol)
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Admissible-cut Hopf algebra for subdivergence forests

Definition

Let T be the set of isomorphism classes of finite nonempty rooted trees. A rooted tree is a finite connected acyclic graph with one distinguished vertex, the root; each edge is oriented from the vertex nearer the root (the parent) to the vertex farther from the root (the child). A forest is a finite multiset of rooted trees, including the empty forest 1. Let H=Q[T] be the commutative polynomial algebra generated by T; its monomial basis consists of forests, and the degree of a forest is its total number of vertices.

For a rooted tree t, an admissible cut is a subset C of its edges meeting every root-to-leaf path in at most one edge. Removing the edges of C leaves one component containing the root; denote it by RC(t). The components on the child side of the cut edges form a forest denoted by PC(t). For the empty edge cut, set P∅(t)=1 and R∅(t)=t. Define the coproduct on a tree generator by Δ(t)=t⊗1+∑C admissiblePC(t)⊗RC(t), where the sum includes the empty edge cut and retains multiplicities of distinct edge subsets. The term t⊗1 is the separate virtual full cut above the root. Extend Δ multiplicatively to forests. Define ε(1)=1 and ε(F)=0 for every nonempty forest F. This specifies the rooted-tree subtraction model; it does not assert a canonical rooted-tree Hopf algebra or a graph-to-forest map for every Feynman graph.

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