DefinitionDefinition: Literature-sourcedProof: Not applicableaudited 2026-08-02
How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
The quotient ring with
Definition
The quotient ring with .
Let . Since is an additive subgroup of the abelian group , its additive cosets form the quotient group (The quotient group and coset product , Every subgroup of an abelian group is normal). Define
The well-definedness and ring laws are established by Multiplication of additive cosets is well defined if and only if the additive subgroup is a two-sided ideal ↗ and For a two-sided ideal , the additive cosets form a ring with identity ↗.