How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
The serial-relation Dependent Choice principle over ZF
Definition
Work in ZF. Write as in The natural numbers (von Neumann). A relation is serial on when , where means (Relation, , , , and the specialisations "relation from to " and "relation on ").
Dependent Choice (DC) is the following global principle: for every nonempty set and every serial relation on , there is a function such that for every . Here function has its ordinary set-theoretic meaning A function is a relation with and implying ; , the value , domain and codomain.
The prescribed-start form asks, for each such and each , for such an with . The equivalence of these global principles requires a proof; it is not part of the definition.
Neither form requires distinct values, an irreflexive relation, or transitivity. On a singleton , seriality forces and the constant map satisfies the requirement. The empty carrier is excluded: it has a vacuously serial relation but admits no map from .
Remarks
The nonempty qualification is explicit in Karagila, Definition 4, printed p.4. Miller, Definition 5.1, printed p.10, supplies the starting-point-free formula but omits that necessary qualification in its displayed wording.