How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Singular simplices and singular chain groups with coefficients
Definition
Let be a topological space. For each integer , a singular -simplex in is a continuous map from the standard topological simplex of The standard topological simplex and its affine face maps. Write for the set of all singular -simplices in .
The singular chain group with integer coefficients is the free abelian group on : Thus an element of is a finite formal sum
If is an abelian group, the singular chain group with coefficients in is using the tensor product of The tensor product from the additive group underlying the free -module on , elementary tensors, and finite tensor sums. The page's convention is that coefficients are attached through this tensor-product construction, not by choosing a preferred -basis of singular simplices.