DefinitionDefinition: Literature-sourcedProof: Not applicableverified 2026-09-23 (Codex)
How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Smooth partition of unity on a manifold with boundary
Definition
Let be a smooth manifold with boundary in the sense of Smooth charts, atlases, and structures with boundary, and let be an indexed open cover of . A smooth partition of unity subordinate to this cover is a family of functions such that:
- every is smooth in boundary charts, using the local-extension convention of Smooth functions on relatively open half-space sets;
- the family is locally finite (Refinements, locally finite families, point-finite families, and star refinements);
- for every ; and
- for every .
Here is the closure in of . Local finiteness makes the pointwise sum locally finite. The definition includes , when the zero family indexed by an empty cover satisfies the conditions.