How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
The total variation |nu|(E) from countable measurable partitions
Definition
Let be a signed measure or a complex measure on . For , define its total variation on by where, for a signed measure, the term means the ordinary absolute value when and means when ; for a complex measure it is the usual complex modulus. A countable measurable partition of means:
- each lies in ;
- the sets are pairwise disjoint;
- .
The sum on the right is a nonnegative extended series, so it is always defined in .
For signed measures, a later proposition shows that finite partitions already suffice. For complex measures, that finite-partition shortcut is not built into the definition here.