How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
A Z2 fusion datum with a nontrivial associator scalar
Example
Let with addition modulo , and define by , using the representatives . A normalized -cocycle here means a function satisfying, for every ,
and the normalization . All sums in these equations are modulo . Let have as objects finite-dimensional complex -graded vector spaces, as morphisms grade-preserving linear maps, tensor product and unit . Write for concentrated in grade . On morphisms, tensor product acts by . The unitors are the grade-preserving isomorphisms , , and , , with inverses and . Use the canonical isomorphism , , to identify tensor products of these lines with their representative lines. Every scalar description below is relative to these identifications, with each bracketing identified by iterating . Let denote the ordinary vector-space rebracketing map. For arbitrary graded objects , define the full associator on each component by , and take the direct sum over all . In particular, .
The left and right dual of is . For , both evaluations are and both coevaluations are , . For , the left maps have types and , and the right maps have types and ; each evaluation is and each coevaluation is . With these data, the cocycle equation and normalization give a finite semisimple fusion category with . In particular, , while . The untwisted choice has the same fusion multiplicities but associator on that triple. Thus the fusion multiplicities alone do not record the specified associator component; no claim about monoidal inequivalence of these two categories is made.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: under addition modulo , complex finite-dimensional graded vector spaces, and the displayed function .
Finite semisimple fusion data for non-invertible defects: finite semisimple fusion data include a finite set of simple-object labels, a simple tensor unit, fusion multiplicities, an associator satisfying the pentagon, unitors satisfying the triangle, and duality maps satisfying the snake identities.
Monoidal category: a monoidal category has a tensor bifunctor, unit object, natural associator and unitors; the associator obeys the pentagon and the unitors obey the triangle.
Verification
For , the exponent of on the left side of the -cocycle equation is while on the right it is Hence the displayed cocycle equation holds. If any argument is , then , so the displayed normalization holds.
Every graded object is a finite direct sum of copies of and , so the category is semisimple with exactly these two simple isomorphism classes; the category is abelian because kernels and cokernels of grade-preserving maps inherit the grading; its Hom spaces are finite-dimensional because they are finite direct sums of linear-map spaces. The tensor bifunctor is bilinear because each homogeneous component is a direct sum of ordinary vector-space tensor products. The unit is simple and . Every graded epimorphism splits by choosing bases in its two homogeneous components, so every object is projective and each simple has its identity as a projective cover. Only finite-dimensional basis choices are used. The tensor product preserves grading and gives via . On each homogeneous component the full associator is the rebracketing map multiplied by , so it is invertible and natural with respect to every grade-preserving linear map. On every homogeneous pure tensor , the two pentagon composites have scalar factors given by the two sides of the cocycle equation in step 1.1 and the same final rebracketing, so they agree; these tensors span the fourfold tensor product. The displayed unitors are natural and invertible. Since , both sides of the triangle send to . For , both duals are with evaluation and coevaluation ; with the stated unitors, every snake composite sends to . For , the left maps are with scalar and with scalar ; the right maps and have the same respective scalars. The left snake composites have scalars and , the second using ; the right snake composites have scalars and , the first using . Thus both snake identities hold in each orientation. For a finite sum of simple lines, take the sum of their specified duals, define evaluation to be the specified evaluation on matching summands and zero on distinct summands, and define coevaluation as the sum of the specified coevaluations followed by the matching inclusions. The snake composites restrict to the identity on each summand by the preceding calculation, so this also supplies duals for every object (and the empty sum gives the zero-object dual). Thus the category has all properties required by [F1].
Since in , . But , so the associator on the triple is multiplication by ; for the untwisted function it is multiplication by . Both fusion tables have and all other , so these integers do not by themselves specify that associator component. This comparison concerns the written structure data only and makes no equivalence claim.