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Two entropy-temperature calibrations preserve the same energy differential

Example

Use the abstract state family X=(0,∞) with coordinate r, and define E(r)=r, A(r)=r, κ(r)=1, and C=1. These are formal real-valued functions with no physical units assigned. Then dE=Cκ dA=dr. The choices b=1 and b=2, with offset s∗=0, give (T1,S1,0)=(1,r) and (T2,S2,0)=(2,r/2).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The stated smooth state family and the calibration-freedom lemma.

[A1]

On X=(0,∞), E(r)=A(r)=r, κ(r)=1, and C=1.

[F1]

Classical first-law product leaves entropy-temperature calibration free: For every constant b>0 and offset s∗∈R, set Tb:=bκ and Sb,s∗:=(C/b)A+s∗. Then TbdSb,s∗=dE. Distinct positive b give distinct functions Tb, and changing s∗ changes Sb,s∗ without changing its differential.

Verification

Given: [A1] and [F1].

1.1givenA1algebra

The family X=(0,∞) is a nonempty connected smooth manifold, the displayed functions are smooth, C=1>0, and κ(r)=1>0. Direct differentiation gives dE=dr=Cκ dA, so the lemma's hypotheses hold.

2.1F1A1step 1.1algebra∎

Apply [F1] with (b,s∗)=(1,0) and (2,0). The resulting functions are (T1,S1,0)=(1,r) and (T2,S2,0)=(2,r/2); hence T1dS1,0=1⋅dr=dr and T2dS2,0=2⋅(1/2)dr=dr=dE, although the temperatures and entropy gradients differ.

Depends on

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