How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Bounded quantifiers preserve primitive recursiveness
Statement
If is primitive recursive and is primitive recursive, then each relation is primitive recursive.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: primitive-recursive and .
Primitive recursion, composition, initial functions, and the characteristic-function convention are supplied by Bounded arithmetic formulas.
Proof
Addition and multiplication are primitive recursive: use , , , and . Argument permutations are compositions with projections. Constants zero and one are initial functions or their compositions with successor. The function defined by , is primitive recursive.
Let be the - characteristic function of . Define , and , . These are primitive-recursion instances with parameters. Consequently and are primitive recursive by composition.
The first expression is one exactly when at least one of the first characteristic values is one; the second is one exactly when all are one. At bound zero their values are respectively zero and one. Thus they are the characteristic functions of the existential and universal relations asserted.