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Order independence of disjoint analytic plumbing
Statement
Let be a pointed compact analytic worldsheet with a finite list of pairwise disjoint marked coordinate pairs , and choose independent parameters with in their declared coordinate disks. For any permutation of the list, plumbing the pairs successively in that order gives the same simultaneous plumbing family up to the canonical biholomorphism that is the identity on the unchanged complement and on every labeled local plumbing chart. Parameters, remaining marked points and their local coordinates are preserved. This includes , where the corresponding fiber has the local nodal model.
Statement references
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A finite list of pairwise disjoint marked coordinate pairs, their coordinate radii, and independent plumbing parameters in the polydisk of the Definition.
Plumbing family for punctured Riemann surfaces: each pair is replaced by the local fixture , with annulus identifications for and the nodal equation at ; distinct pairs have disjoint neighborhoods and independent parameters.
Local smoothing and nodal fiber of plumbing: every nonzero local fiber is a smooth annulus, while the central local fiber is the reduced node .
Proof
Form the disjoint union of the original complement with one local fixture for each pair. For pair , let be the relation identifying its two fixture boundary circles with the corresponding boundary circles in the original complement, using the declared and coordinates. Each is supported only on the th pair's coordinate neighborhoods and fixture. Pairwise disjointness means that no point in the support of lies in the support of for . Thus quotienting by any initial segment of the relations leaves every remaining boundary identification unchanged, and every successive order produces the quotient by the same union of seam relations. The resulting point sets and quotient maps are canonically identified by the identity on each labeled piece.
On the complement and every fixture, the charts are the same in each order. At a nonzero seam, the only new coordinate transition is or its inverse, holomorphic because both coordinates are nonzero there; [F2] supplies the smooth-annulus and nodal local models at every parameter. No transition compares distinct plumbing neighborhoods. Therefore the canonical identity between the quotients preserves every chart and is biholomorphic, and it fixes the parameters, remaining marks and their local coordinates.
Sewing-order diagram
For two disjoint pairs, the diagram records the two orders. Its commutativity follows from the common quotient relation proved above, not from the drawing.
Here is the original surface with both pairs, and are the intermediate surfaces after the indicated first plumbing, and is the simultaneous plumbing family.