Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-generatedPipeline-generatedprecheck passverified 2026-11-05 (gpt-6.1-sol)
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A smooth curve has a formal coordinate at every point

Statement

Let X be a nonempty compact connected Hausdorff second-countable topological 2-manifold without boundary, equipped with a holomorphic atlas and a specified holomorphic projective embedding with the local smoothness presentation. For every p∈X, the completed local ring O^X,p is isomorphic as a complete local C-algebra to C⟦t⟧. In particular, the formal-coordinate fiber at p is nonempty.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A curve X and a point p∈X.

[F1]

Smooth projective complex curve with formal-coordinate bundle: OX,p is the ring of germs of holomorphic functions at p, and its maximal ideal mp consists of germs vanishing at p; O^X,p=lim←⁡k≥1OX,p/mpk.

[F2]

A holomorphic function equals its Taylor series throughout the largest centred disc in its domain: in a local holomorphic coordinate centered at p, every holomorphic germ has a convergent Taylor series, and a germ whose first k coefficients vanish is divisible by the kth power of that coordinate.

Proof

1.1F1F2construct

Choose a holomorphic chart z centered at p, available by the smooth-curve hypothesis in [F1]. Then mp=(z). For each k≥1, the Taylor truncation map OX,p→C[z]/(zk) is a surjective ring homomorphism: every polynomial of degree less than k is a holomorphic germ, and [F2] says its kernel consists exactly of germs divisible by zk, namely mpk. It therefore induces an isomorphism OX,p/mpk≅C[z]/(zk).

2.1F1step 1.1construct∎

These isomorphisms commute with the quotient maps as k increases. Their inverse limit is lim←⁡kC[z]/(zk)=C⟦z⟧: a compatible family is exactly its sequence of Taylor coefficients, and a zero sequence has zero truncation at every k. Renaming z as t gives the required complete-local-ring isomorphism and hence a formal coordinate.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

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