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A smooth curve has a formal coordinate at every point
Statement
Let be a nonempty compact connected Hausdorff second-countable topological -manifold without boundary, equipped with a holomorphic atlas and a specified holomorphic projective embedding with the local smoothness presentation. For every , the completed local ring is isomorphic as a complete local -algebra to . In particular, the formal-coordinate fiber at is nonempty.
Statement references
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A curve and a point .
Smooth projective complex curve with formal-coordinate bundle: is the ring of germs of holomorphic functions at , and its maximal ideal consists of germs vanishing at ; .
A holomorphic function equals its Taylor series throughout the largest centred disc in its domain: in a local holomorphic coordinate centered at , every holomorphic germ has a convergent Taylor series, and a germ whose first coefficients vanish is divisible by the th power of that coordinate.
Proof
Choose a holomorphic chart centered at , available by the smooth-curve hypothesis in [F1]. Then . For each , the Taylor truncation map is a surjective ring homomorphism: every polynomial of degree less than is a holomorphic germ, and [F2] says its kernel consists exactly of germs divisible by , namely . It therefore induces an isomorphism .
These isomorphisms commute with the quotient maps as increases. Their inverse limit is : a compatible family is exactly its sequence of Taylor coefficients, and a zero sequence has zero truncation at every . Renaming as gives the required complete-local-ring isomorphism and hence a formal coordinate.