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Proper family from disjoint analytic plumbing

Statement

Let π:C→B be a proper holomorphic submersion whose fibers are compact pointed worldsheets. For finitely many pairwise disjoint pairs of marked sections, suppose product-coordinate neighborhoods Drj×B and Dsj×B are specified along the two sections of pair j. Choose fixed radii 0<rj0<rj and 0<sj0<sj, and put Q=∏j=1RDrj0sj0, where Da={q∈C:∣q∣<a}. Remove the open subdisks of radii rj0,sj0 from each fiber and glue in, for each pair, the local fixture zjwj=qj, ∣zj∣≤rj0, ∣wj∣≤sj0, along its two boundary circles by the given coordinates. The resulting total space is a Hausdorff complex manifold and its map to B×Q is proper and holomorphic. Over B×Q×, where Q×={q∈Q:qj≠0 for all j}, this map is a proper holomorphic submersion with compact fibers. At qj=0, the corresponding fiber has the nodal local model zjwj=0. No algebraic stable-curve compactification is asserted.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The proper holomorphic submersion π, globally specified product-coordinate disks along the chosen sections, pairwise disjoint plumbing neighborhoods, fixed smaller radii rj0,sj0, and parameters q∈Q.

[F1]

Pointed analytic worldsheet and family: the original family map is a proper holomorphic submersion with compact fibers.

[F2]

Plumbing family for punctured Riemann surfaces: the local replacement relation is zjwj=qj; on the smaller disks it is defined for ∣qj∣<rj0sj0.

[F3]

Local smoothing and nodal fiber of plumbing: each nonzero local fiber is a smooth annulus and the zero fiber is the specified node.

[F4]

Complex manifolds, holomorphic vector bundles and Hermitian metrics: the coordinate charts and transition maps used here are holomorphic complex-manifold charts.

Proof

1.1givenF1F2construct

Since ∣qj∣<rj0sj0, the fixture boundary ∣zj∣=rj0 has ∣wj∣=∣qj/zj∣<sj0, and the boundary ∣wj∣=sj0 has ∣zj∣<rj0. Thus the fixture has two disjoint boundary collars, each attached to the matching boundary of the original complement by its given coordinate. The plumbing neighborhoods of distinct pairs are disjoint, so these finitely many identifications do not overlap or identify points from different pairs.

1.2givenF2F3F4algebra

In the interior of a fixture, eliminating qj by qj=zjwj gives holomorphic coordinates consisting of the base coordinates, zj,wj, and all other sewing parameters. At the seam ∣zj∣=rj0, the transition to the original chart is wj=qj/zj, holomorphic because zj≠0; at the other seam it is zj=qj/wj, holomorphic because wj≠0. These collar charts extend across the seams. The total space is smooth at the node as well, since qj=zjwj is a coordinate on the target rather than a constraint on the total-space coordinates. To check Hausdorffness, form the equivalence relation on the finite disjoint union of the original complement and fixtures. Each seam is a closed embedded boundary with a disjoint collar; the relation is the diagonal together with the finitely many closed graphs of the seam identifications and their reverses. Every equivalence class has at most two points, because distinct pairs have disjoint neighborhoods and the two boundary circles of each fixture are disjoint. Given two distinct classes, choose disjoint neighborhoods of their finitely many representatives in the Hausdorff pieces; if a representative lies on a seam, shrink its neighborhood within that seam's collar and saturate it by the paired collar neighborhood. Disjointness of the collars keeps the resulting saturated neighborhoods disjoint, so their images separate the two classes in the quotient. Thus the finite gluing is Hausdorff. By [F3], the fibers have the asserted annulus and node models.

1.3givenF1F2algebra

Let K⊂B×Q be compact. It is closed because the target is Hausdorff. The original-complement part of its preimage is a closed subset of π−1(KB)×KQ, where KB,KQ are the compact projections of K; this product is compact by [F1]. Each fixture part of the preimage is closed in KB×D‾rj0×D‾sj0×KQ, hence compact. The full preimage of K is obtained from the finite union of these compact pieces by the collar identifications, so it is a continuous image of a compact space and is compact. This proves properness.

2.1givenF1F2F3step 1.2step 1.3algebra∎

Fix q∈Q×. The closed fixture in the Statement is parametrized by zj on the closed annulus ∣qj∣/sj0≤∣zj∣≤rj0, with wj=qj/zj. It is compact as a closed bounded subset of C; F3 supplies the smooth open-annulus model for its interior. Its two boundary circles have disjoint collars by step 1.1. Attaching them to the compact original complements therefore gives a compact fiber without boundary. In the fixture, qj≠0 implies (zj,wj)≠(0,0), so the differential of (zj,wj)↦zjwj is the nonzero functional wj dzj+zj dwj. The sewing parameters for different pairs are independent, and outside the fixtures the original family map is a submersion by [F1]. Hence the glued map is a submersion over B×Q×. It is holomorphic by step 1.2 and proper by step 1.3, proving the claim.

Family plumbing diagram

The span records the local fixture and its two projections. The horizontal map is (b,zj,wj,q)↦(b,q) and the vertical map is (b,zj,wj,q)↦(b,zj,wj); the proof uses the local equations and collar charts, not the drawing.

Pj:=f(b;zj;wj;q)2B£Dr0j£Ds0j£Q:zjwj=qjgB£QB£Dr0j£Ds0j¼jprB;zj;wj

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