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Proper family from disjoint analytic plumbing
Statement
Let be a proper holomorphic submersion whose fibers are compact pointed worldsheets. For finitely many pairwise disjoint pairs of marked sections, suppose product-coordinate neighborhoods and are specified along the two sections of pair . Choose fixed radii and , and put , where . Remove the open subdisks of radii from each fiber and glue in, for each pair, the local fixture , , , along its two boundary circles by the given coordinates. The resulting total space is a Hausdorff complex manifold and its map to is proper and holomorphic. Over , where , this map is a proper holomorphic submersion with compact fibers. At , the corresponding fiber has the nodal local model . No algebraic stable-curve compactification is asserted.
Statement references
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The proper holomorphic submersion , globally specified product-coordinate disks along the chosen sections, pairwise disjoint plumbing neighborhoods, fixed smaller radii , and parameters .
Pointed analytic worldsheet and family: the original family map is a proper holomorphic submersion with compact fibers.
Plumbing family for punctured Riemann surfaces: the local replacement relation is ; on the smaller disks it is defined for .
Local smoothing and nodal fiber of plumbing: each nonzero local fiber is a smooth annulus and the zero fiber is the specified node.
Complex manifolds, holomorphic vector bundles and Hermitian metrics: the coordinate charts and transition maps used here are holomorphic complex-manifold charts.
Proof
Since , the fixture boundary has , and the boundary has . Thus the fixture has two disjoint boundary collars, each attached to the matching boundary of the original complement by its given coordinate. The plumbing neighborhoods of distinct pairs are disjoint, so these finitely many identifications do not overlap or identify points from different pairs.
In the interior of a fixture, eliminating by gives holomorphic coordinates consisting of the base coordinates, , and all other sewing parameters. At the seam , the transition to the original chart is , holomorphic because ; at the other seam it is , holomorphic because . These collar charts extend across the seams. The total space is smooth at the node as well, since is a coordinate on the target rather than a constraint on the total-space coordinates. To check Hausdorffness, form the equivalence relation on the finite disjoint union of the original complement and fixtures. Each seam is a closed embedded boundary with a disjoint collar; the relation is the diagonal together with the finitely many closed graphs of the seam identifications and their reverses. Every equivalence class has at most two points, because distinct pairs have disjoint neighborhoods and the two boundary circles of each fixture are disjoint. Given two distinct classes, choose disjoint neighborhoods of their finitely many representatives in the Hausdorff pieces; if a representative lies on a seam, shrink its neighborhood within that seam's collar and saturate it by the paired collar neighborhood. Disjointness of the collars keeps the resulting saturated neighborhoods disjoint, so their images separate the two classes in the quotient. Thus the finite gluing is Hausdorff. By [F3], the fibers have the asserted annulus and node models.
Let be compact. It is closed because the target is Hausdorff. The original-complement part of its preimage is a closed subset of , where are the compact projections of ; this product is compact by [F1]. Each fixture part of the preimage is closed in , hence compact. The full preimage of is obtained from the finite union of these compact pieces by the collar identifications, so it is a continuous image of a compact space and is compact. This proves properness.
Fix . The closed fixture in the Statement is parametrized by on the closed annulus , with . It is compact as a closed bounded subset of ; F3 supplies the smooth open-annulus model for its interior. Its two boundary circles have disjoint collars by step 1.1. Attaching them to the compact original complements therefore gives a compact fiber without boundary. In the fixture, implies , so the differential of is the nonzero functional . The sewing parameters for different pairs are independent, and outside the fixtures the original family map is a submersion by [F1]. Hence the glued map is a submersion over . It is holomorphic by step 1.2 and proper by step 1.3, proving the claim.
Family plumbing diagram
The span records the local fixture and its two projections. The horizontal map is and the vertical map is ; the proof uses the local equations and collar charts, not the drawing.