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LemmaStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-generatedPipeline-generatedprecheck passverified 2026-11-05 (gpt-6.1-sol)
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Stability of pointed analytic worldsheets under restriction and base change

Statement

Let (π:C→B;σi,zi)i=1N be an analytic family of pointed compact worldsheets with the conventions of the Definition above. If B0⊆B is a nonempty open subset, the restricted family over B0 is again an analytic family. If f:B′→B is holomorphic between complex manifolds, then the fiber product Cf:={(c,b′)∈C×B′:π(c)=f(b′)}, with projection πf(c,b′)=b′, is a complex manifold and an analytic family of pointed compact worldsheets. Its sections are σi′(b′)=(σi(f(b′)),b′), and its vertical coordinate germs are the pullbacks of zi.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A proper holomorphic submersion π:C→B with compact one-dimensional fibers, holomorphic disjoint sections and vertical coordinate germs, an open subset B0⊆B, and a holomorphic map f:B′→B.

[F1]

Pointed analytic worldsheet and family: an analytic family has a proper holomorphic submersion of complex manifolds, compact one-dimensional fibers, holomorphic disjoint sections, and product-type vertical coordinate germs along those sections.

[F2]

Complex manifolds, holomorphic vector bundles and Hermitian metrics: holomorphic maps have complex-linear differentials, and their coordinate expressions are smooth maps between Euclidean open sets.

[F3]

The Euclidean inverse function theorem: a C1 map between open subsets of Rn with invertible differential at a point has a local C1 inverse, whose differential is the inverse matrix.

[F4]

For C1 functions, holomorphy, complex linearity of the real derivative, and the Cauchy–Riemann system agree: a C1 scalar map on an open subset of Cm is holomorphic when its real derivative is C-linear at every point; apply this criterion componentwise to vector-valued maps.

Proof

1.1givenF1algebra

Restricting π to π−1(B0) preserves holomorphicity, surjectivity of its differential, the marked sections, and all local coordinate germs. For compact K⊆B0, K is compact in B, so π−1(K) is compact by properness of π; hence the restriction is proper. Its fibers and connected components are unchanged at points of B0.

1.2givenF1F2F3F4choosealgebra

Fix c∈C with π(c)=b. In local holomorphic charts, write the base coordinates as t1,…,tm and the total-space coordinates as u1,…,um+1, since π is a submersion with one-dimensional fibers. Surjectivity of dπc says at least one of the finitely many m×m minors of the complex Jacobian of (t1∘π,…,tm∘π) is nonzero. Choose the lexicographically first such minor and reorder the total-space coordinates so its columns are u1,…,um, with the omitted coordinate named um+1. The holomorphic map Φ(u)=(t1∘π(u),…,tm∘π(u),um+1) then has invertible complex differential. Viewed as a real map, its differential is invertible, so [F3] gives a local C1 inverse. The inverse differential is the inverse of a complex-linear map and is therefore complex-linear at every point. Applying [F4] componentwise shows that this inverse is holomorphic. Thus these coordinates identify π locally with projection B×D→B for a disk D⊂C. In these local product charts, Cf has coordinates (b′,um+1) and projection πf is the projection to b′. The transition maps are holomorphic restrictions of the original maps and of f, so Cf is a complex manifold and πf is a holomorphic submersion.

2.1givenF1F2step 1.2algebra∎

Let K⊆B′ be compact. The fiber product is closed in C×B′ because B is Hausdorff and the diagonal in B×B is closed. The inverse image πf−1(K) is therefore closed in the compact set π−1(f(K))×K, since f(K) is compact and π is proper. Hence πf−1(K) is compact, so πf is proper. The pulled-back sections are holomorphic and disjoint because the original sections are, and the coordinate maps (zi∘pr⁡C,πf) are the pulled-back product charts. Each fiber is canonically the corresponding original fiber, so compactness and the marked-component condition are preserved.

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