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Complex integration by parts on intervals and decaying lines
Statement
Assume countable choice. For complex functions on , , Lebesgue integration gives and . If instead , and as , then .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The stated functions, The Axiom of Countable Choice (), and the componentwise calculus/integration convention of Complex Lp classes and Euclidean test-function conventions.
Real integration by parts applies to functions on a closed interval (If are differentiable on with integrable, then ).
A bounded Riemann integrable real function on a closed interval has the same Lebesgue integral under countable choice (A bounded Riemann integrable function on a closed bounded interval is Lebesgue measurable and has the same integral).
The real FTC integrates an integrable derivative to its endpoint increment (The second fundamental theorem: if is differentiable on with and is integrable, then ).
Dominated convergence applies to complex integrable functions (Dominated convergence).
Proof
Write , . Apply F1 to the four real pairs . Subtract the second identity from the first and add times the sum of the last two. Since and , the result is the complex integration-by-parts identity. All integrands are continuous on the compact interval and hence bounded and Riemann integrable; F2 changes each real integral to a Lebesgue integral. Applying F3 to and the same F2 gives the complex FTC. This is the sole countable-choice use here.
For the whole-line assertion apply step 1.1 on . The truncated products converge pointwise to and and have integrable majorants and . F4 gives convergence of both integrals; the boundary term tends to zero by the two assumed limits. Passing to the limit proves the assertion. No separate integrability of or is required.
Depends on
A bounded Riemann integrable function on a closed bounded interval is Lebesgue measurable and has the same integral
If are differentiable on with integrable, then
The second fundamental theorem: if is differentiable on with and is integrable, then
Dominated convergence
Complex Lp classes and Euclidean test-function conventions
The Axiom of Countable Choice ()