How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
The current differential is continuous and squares to zero
Statement
Let be a compact oriented smooth -manifold without boundary and let be a degree- de Rham current as in De Rham currents of compact oriented source cycles. Then is a continuous current of degree and , with the zero-current convention at degrees outside .
Statement references
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The manifold , the degree , and a continuous linear functional .
De Rham currents of compact oriented source cycles defines degree- currents as continuous linear functionals on and sets .
The local coordinate formula for the exterior derivative gives in every smooth chart.
The exterior derivative squares to zero states for every smooth form .
Proof
Given: Use the seminorms defining the topology in [F1].
If , then by the convention in [F1], hence it is continuous. Suppose . In a chart, [F2] expresses each coefficient of as a finite signed sum of first partial derivatives of coefficients of . Therefore, for every compact coordinate set and order , the order- seminorm of on is bounded by a finite constant times the order- seminorms of on the same set. Since is continuous, continuity at zero and linearity give finitely many seminorms and a constant with : continuity supplies a neighborhood on which , and scaling any nonzero into that neighborhood gives the bound. Applying it to proves that is continuous. Thus is a current.
If , then for every , applying the definition twice gives by [F3]. If , then has degree and its differential is zero by the top-degree convention in [F1]. If , then already by [F1]. Hence also at both endpoints.