Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-10
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Wedge with a closed form preserves exactness classes

Statement

If α∈Ωp(M) and β∈Ωq(M) are closed, then dη∧β=d(η∧β) for η∈Ωp−1(M) and α∧dθ=(−1)pd(α∧θ) for θ∈Ωq−1(M).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Closed forms α,β of degrees p,q≥0, and forms η,θ of the indicated degrees.

[F1]

Closed and exact differential forms: For the complex def-de-rham-cochain-complex, put Zk(M)=ker⁡(d:Ωk(M)→Ωk+1(M)) and Bk(M)=im⁡(d:Ωk−1(M)→Ωk(M)). A form is closed if it belongs to Zk and exact if it belongs to Bk. If ω=dη, then dω=d2η=0 by thm-the-exterior-derivative-squares-to-zero, so Bk⊆Zk. In particular B0=0, since Ω−1=0. The zero form is both closed and exact in every degree.

[F2]

The exterior derivative is a graded derivation: Let M be a smooth manifold. The exterior derivative is an R-linear map d:Ω∗(M)→Ω∗(M) of degree one. For homogeneous smooth forms α∈Ωp(M) and β∈Ωq(M), d(α∧β)=dα∧β+(−1)deg⁡αα∧dβ.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1F2given

For p≥1, the graded Leibniz rule gives d(η∧β)=dη∧β+(−1)p−1η∧dβ=dη∧β. For p=0, η=0 in degree −1 and the equality is 0=0.

2.1F1F2given∎

For q≥1, d(α∧θ)=dα∧θ+(−1)pα∧dθ=(−1)pα∧dθ. Multiplying by (−1)p proves the second equality; if q=0, θ=0 proves it directly. Thus either exact change has an explicit primitive.

Source locator

Lee, Chapter 17, p.441 (closed/exact); graded Leibniz rule in the declared exterior-calculus supplier. The two primitive formulas are derived explicitly.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources