How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Cubical and spherical models of higher homotopy agree
Statement
For , a fixed orientation-preserving based homeomorphism induces , where homotopies fix the basepoint. Under the spherical pinch transported by from collapse of the coordinate-1 middle face, cubical concatenation agrees with the spherical pinch operation.
Facts & Assumptions
Cubical maps and homotopies fix the boundary. Higher homotopy group by based cubes
Boundary-constant maps factor uniquely through the quotient. For a quotient map , a map out of is continuous iff its composite with is; a continuous map on constant on the fibres of factors uniquely through ; and a composite of quotient maps is a quotient map
The product of a quotient with I is quotient. Interval exponential law and quotient homotopies
Proof
Given: The spaces, maps, and hypotheses in the statement above.
After centering and doubling the cube, its interior is . The coordinate map is a homeomorphism to , with inverse . Approaching the cube boundary sends the Euclidean norm to infinity, and conversely bounded images stay away from that boundary. Thus the map extends to a homeomorphism of the collapsed-boundary cube with . Inverse stereographic projection identifies this compactification with , taking the quotient point to the north pole. Take that north pole as and choose the sphere orientation to agree with the cube interior; this gives the required based .
Every boundary-constant map descends uniquely by F2, and every based spherical map pulls back to a cubical map. For a boundary-fixed homotopy, F3 makes its descent across continuous. Pullback is the inverse and preserves endpoint maps. The bijections on maps therefore induce inverse bijections on homotopy classes.
Collapse also the middle face . Each resulting half-cube with its boundary collapsed is an oriented based copy of the same sphere, using the positive affine rescalings and and the based homeomorphism . The composite of this transported pinch with on the first copy and on the second pulls back to the defining formula for . Hence the operations agree.