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Naturality of the de Rham map
Statement
For every smooth map between smooth manifolds, possibly with boundary, integration satisfies On the right, is precomposition with the smooth singular chain map . For closed forms this identity induces Both identities hold in every degree and need no choice assumption.
Facts & Assumptions
The de Rham map on cohomology is well defined supplies the induced integration map and its representative formula.
Smooth singular chains and cochains are functorial for smooth maps defines and the cochain and cohomology pullbacks by precomposition, including boundary targets.
The de Rham complex and pullback extend to manifolds with boundary gives functorial form pullback and its well-defined quotient map for both boundaryless and boundary manifolds.
De Rham integration cochain defines the integration cochain on each simplex and by finite sums on chains.
Proof
Given: A smooth map , an integer and a smooth -form on .
Let be a smooth singular -simplex in . By [F2], is a smooth simplex in : composing with one target-valued neighbourhood extension of supplies its extension. Functoriality in [F3] on that domain gives along the simplex. Their affine coefficients, and therefore their integrals in [F4], are identical. Hence
Every chain is a finite linear combination of simplices, so step 1.1 gives equality of the two cochains. If , both sides represent cohomology classes by [F1]–[F3]. Passing to those classes yields Changing by changes its pullback by and its integration cochain by ; precomposition carries the latter to . Thus the identity is independent of representatives on both routes.
In degree zero step 1.1 is the equality . In degree one it equates the pullback integrals on the entire closed parameter interval, with no requirement on distinct endpoints. Constant and degenerate simplices, maps wholly into a boundary, and zero forms satisfy the same coefficient identity. Negative degrees have zero source, and an empty source manifold has zero target cochain groups; an empty target admits such a map only from an empty source. All formulas are defined on each supplied simplex and finite chain, so no choices of representatives or extensions are made simultaneously.