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The Borel product of R^m and R^n is the Borel sigma-algebra of R^{m+n}
Statement
Let . Under the identification one has
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Positive integers and the identification .
The Borel sigma-algebra on a topological space is the sigma-algebra generated by its open sets. (The Borel sigma-algebra of a topological space)
Continuous maps pull Borel sets back to Borel sets. (A continuous map has Borel preimages of Borel sets)
The coordinate projections and are continuous.
Rational open boxes form a countable basis of the Euclidean product topology: every point of an open set lies in a rational box contained in that set ( is a countable dense subset of , and rational open boxes form a countable basis, For n at least one, open sets, closed sets, compact sets, open balls, boxes, rational open boxes, and rational half-open boxes generate the Borel sigma-algebra on R^n). These results use rational density and only finitely many coordinate choices, not an axiom of countable or arbitrary choice.
Proof
If and are Borel, then so [L2] makes Borel in . Therefore every measurable rectangle for belongs to , and hence
Let be open in and let be the family of all rational open boxes contained in . By [L3], every lies in a member of , so ; the reverse containment follows from its definition, including when is empty. This is a subfamily of one fixed countable basis, hence is at most countable; no choice of a box for each point is made. Each box splits into the open rectangle , with and . Both factors are Borel, so each box belongs to the product sigma-algebra. Closure under countable unions puts there as well. Since [L1] says the open sets generate the Euclidean Borel sigma-algebra, this proves the reverse inclusion. Combining with step 1.1 proves the equality, without any choice assumption.
Depends on
is a countable dense subset of , and rational open boxes form a countable basis
The Borel sigma-algebra of a topological space
For n at least one, open sets, closed sets, compact sets, open balls, boxes, rational open boxes, and rational half-open boxes generate the Borel sigma-algebra on R^n
Second countability: an at most countable basis for the topology
Second countability is hereditary
Assuming countable choice, a countable product of second countable spaces is second countable
A continuous map has Borel preimages of Borel sets