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For a linear operator, boundedness, continuity at 0, continuity, and Lipschitz continuity are equivalent
Statement
Let and be normed spaces over the same scalar field, and let be linear. Then the following are equivalent:
- is bounded.
- is continuous at .
- is continuous on .
- is Lipschitz.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Normed spaces and , a linear map , a real , and a vector .
A bounded linear operator has a constant with for every (A bounded linear operator between normed spaces).
A map is Lipschitz when one constant controls all distances, and every Lipschitz map between metric spaces is continuous (Lipschitz map, -Hölder map for rational , and contraction, Contraction implies Lipschitz implies uniformly continuous implies continuous; every Hölder map is uniformly continuous, and a Lipschitz map on a bounded space is Hölder for every exponent).
Continuity at a point in a metric space is the - condition of Continuity of a map between metric spaces, at a point and globally, in the - form.
Proof
Assume is bounded, with constant from [L1]. Then for all , so is Lipschitz.
If is continuous on , then in particular it is continuous at , so .
Assume is continuous at . Applying [L3] with gives such that implies .
Step 1.1 proves , and [L2] gives .
Let with and put . Then , so by step 1.3. By linearity, , hence . The corresponding non-strict inequality holds also at because , so is bounded.
Thus . Combining steps 2.1, 1.2, and 2.2 gives all four equivalences.
Depends on
A bounded linear operator between normed spaces
Lipschitz map, -Hölder map for rational , and contraction
Contraction implies Lipschitz implies uniformly continuous implies continuous; every Hölder map is uniformly continuous, and a Lipschitz map on a bounded space is Hölder for every exponent
Continuity of a map between metric spaces, at a point and globally, in the - form