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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-generatedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-06
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Assuming countable and dependent choice, countable products of arbitrary probability spaces

Statement

Assume countable choice and dependent choice. For probability spaces (En,En,μn)n∈N there is a unique probability measure μ on CN such that, for every finite F, its F-coordinate marginal is ⨂n∈Fμn.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Countable choice, dependent choice, and a sequence of probability spaces.

[F1]

Under the two stated choice principles, the cylinder law with the displayed finite product values is a premeasure. (The countable-product cylinder premeasure is countably additive)

[F2]

Assuming countable choice, a premeasure extends to a measure on the sigma-algebra it generates. (Assuming countable choice, a premeasure extends through its induced outer measure)

[F3]

A lambda-system containing a pi-system contains the sigma-algebra generated by that pi-system. (Dynkin's pi-lambda theorem)

Proof

1.1F1

Define μ0(πF−1(A))=(⨂n∈Fμn)(A). The finite product marginals are consistent, so [F1] applies.

1.2F2

By [F2], μ0 extends to a measure μ on the generated cylinder sigma-algebra. Since the empty cylinder is E and has value 1, μ is a probability measure.

2.1F3∎

Let ν be another probability measure with the stated marginals. The family D={A∈CN:μ(A)=ν(A)} is a lambda-system: it contains the whole space because both measures have mass one, is closed under relative complements of nested members, and is closed under increasing countable unions by continuity from below. The two measures agree on every cylinder, and cylinders are a pi-system by Finite-coordinate cylinders form a π-system, so [F3] gives CN⊆D. Hence μ=ν.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources