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TheoremStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-13
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De Rham integration is a cochain map

Statement

For every smooth manifold M, possibly with boundary, integration is a real cochain map from its de Rham complex to its smooth singular cochain complex: δIMk(ω)=IMk+1(dω)(ω∈Ωk(M)). Both complexes are zero in negative degrees. The boundary convention for forms is the one in the definition of IM.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

De Rham integration cochain defines IM by integration and proves its real linearity in each degree, including the zero-map conventions.

[F2]

Stokes theorem for smooth singular chains gives ∫cdω=∫∂cω for a smooth (k+1)-chain and a k-form with k≥0.

[F3]

Smooth singular chain and cochain complexes defines (δφ)(c)=φ(∂c), without an extra sign.

Proof

Given: A manifold M, k≥0, a form ω∈Ωk(M) and an arbitrary finite smooth (k+1)-chain c.

1.1F1F2F3given

The definition of the cochain differential, followed by integration and [F2], gives (δIMk(ω))(c)=IMk(ω)(∂c)=∫∂cω=∫cdω=IMk+1(dω)(c). The same coefficients and alternating boundary signs occur in [F2] and [F3], so no sign adjustment is required.

2.1F1F2step 1.1

Since step 1.1 holds for every chain, the two linear functionals are equal. Together with the degreewise real linearity in [F1], this is precisely the cochain-map identity. For k=0 it is the fundamental-theorem formula for values at the two endpoints of each smooth one-simplex, including constant paths. For k=dim⁡M, the form dω is zero, and the same equality proves δIMk(ω)=0 without assuming there are no higher-dimensional singular simplices.

3.1F1F2F3step 2.1∎

If k>dim⁡M or k<0, the form and all relevant source differentials are zero, so the identity is an equality of zero cochains; this includes the map out of degree minus one. If M is empty, both complexes are zero. Zero chains and degenerate simplices were included in [F2], so they create no exception to step 1.1. Every evaluation uses a finite chain and a previously well-defined integral; no choice axiom enters.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources