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Laurent series split into regular and principal parts
Statement
Let
be a convergent Laurent series on an annulus. Then:
- the regular part converges locally uniformly on every smaller disc , and on all of when ;
- the principal part (The principal part of a Laurent series) converges locally uniformly on every set ;
- on the original annulus, is the sum of these two subseries.
Moreover, the regular and principal parts are uniquely determined by the Laurent coefficients.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A Laurent expansion on .
Laurent expansions exist on annuli and converge locally uniformly there (Laurent expansion on an annulus).
Each Laurent coefficient is uniquely determined by the function on the annulus (Laurent coefficients are given by contour integrals and are unique).
Proof
Let and choose with ; the coefficient formula gives for , where , so for .
Let and choose with ; the coefficient formula gives for , where , so for .
On the original annulus, [L1] gives that the Laurent series converges to , and by definition that series is the sum of its nonnegative-power and negative-power subseries. So there.
Uniqueness of the Laurent coefficients from [L2] makes both subseries unique term by term.
The geometric majorant in step 1.1 converges, so the regular part converges uniformly on ; since was arbitrary, the convergence is locally uniform on the disc of radius , and when it is locally uniform on every bounded disc.
The geometric majorant in step 1.2 converges, so the principal part converges uniformly on ; since was arbitrary, the convergence is locally uniform on the exterior region .
Steps 2.1, 2.2, 1.3, and 1.4 are exactly the claimed decomposition.