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A subset of has Lebesgue outer measure zero if and only if it has measure zero in the sense of countable closed-interval covers
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Countable Choice (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()) and let . Then
measure zero being the covering notion of Measure zero (a countable cover by intervals of total length below every ) and content zero (a finite such cover): that is, if and only if for every real there are sequences and of reals with for every such that and converges with sum at most .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The Axiom of Countable Choice, the case of Lebesgue outer measure, and a subset .
Assuming countable choice, , where is the infimum of over countable covers of by closed rectangles (Countable covers by closed boxes, by open boxes and by closed cubes all compute Lebesgue outer measure, Lebesgue outer measure on ).
has measure zero, equivalently is null, when for every real there are sequences and of reals with for every , such that and converges with sum (Measure zero (a countable cover by intervals of total length below every ) and content zero (a finite such cover), Intervals of : the nine order-convex forms, nondegeneracy, and length).
For a fixed , converges with sum if and only if for every (Measure zero (a countable cover by intervals of total length below every ) and content zero (a finite such cover)).
The nonnegative extended sum of a sequence in is , the supremum of its nondecreasing partial sums (Series in the nonnegative extended real line).
Under the standard identification , the rectangle of is the interval and its volume is its length (Axis-parallel rectangles in and their volume).
Proof
At a closed rectangle is a closed interval with and its volume is the length , so the covers admitted in are exactly the covers admitted in the published definition of measure zero.
For a sequence of nonnegative reals, the nonnegative extended sum is the supremum of the partial sums, so it is at most exactly when every partial sum is, which is exactly the condition that the real series converges with sum at most .
Hence has measure zero in the published sense if and only if for every real some admissible cover has total length at most , which says exactly that the infimum is ; and .
Depends on
Countable covers by closed boxes, by open boxes and by closed cubes all compute Lebesgue outer measure
Measure zero (a countable cover by intervals of total length below every ) and content zero (a finite such cover)
Lebesgue outer measure on
Intervals of : the nine order-convex forms, nondegeneracy, and length
Series in the nonnegative extended real line
Axis-parallel rectangles in and their volume
The Axiom of Countable Choice ()