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The Lebesgue integral is linear on
Statement
The class is a complex vector space, and the Lebesgue integral is complex-linear on it:
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Integrable functions and scalars .
Real and complex integrability, together with the decomposition into positive and negative parts and into real and imaginary parts, is defined in Integrable real and complex functions, and their integrals.
The nonnegative integral is additive (Additivity of the nonnegative Lebesgue integral).
The nonnegative integral is monotone and homogeneous (Monotonicity and nonnegative homogeneity of the nonnegative integral).
Sums and real scalar multiples of measurable real-valued functions are measurable (Closure properties of measurable functions used by the integral).
Proof
First treat real-valued and put . By [L4], the function is measurable. Also so [L2] and [L3] give Hence is integrable. Since another application of [L2] yields which rearranges to
Now let and let be real-valued. By [L4], is measurable. If , then if , then In both cases [L3] shows that is integrable and that
Let and . Then The real-valued functions and are integrable by steps 1.1 and 1.2, and their real-linear integral formulas combine into Writing and with real-valued integrable , step 1.1 gives