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A domain is integrally closed if and only if its prime localisations are, equivalently if and only if its maximal localisations are
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice.
Let be a domain. Then the following are equivalent:
- is integrally closed.
- For every prime ideal of , the localisation is integrally closed.
- For every maximal ideal of , the localisation is integrally closed.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A domain .
A domain is integrally closed exactly when every element of its field of fractions integral over it already lies in the domain (Integral closure in an extension ring and integrally closed domains).
Integrality localises, and conversely an integral equation after localisation can be cleared by multiplying the element by one denominator (Integrality and integral closure commute with localisation).
For a nonzero commutative ring and in an -algebra, the element is integral over if and only if is a finitely generated -module (Integrality and finite-module characterizations for one element).
Assuming the Axiom of Choice, a module or map is zero, injective, or surjective exactly when all maximal localisations have that property (Assuming the Axiom of Choice, local criteria for zero modules and for injective, surjective, and bijective maps).
Localisation at a prime ideal means inverting the complement of that prime (Localisation at a prime ideal: ).
Proof
Assume is integrally closed, and let be a prime ideal. If is integral over , then [L2] gives some with integral over . By [L1], , so . Hence every prime localisation is integrally closed.
Assume every maximal localisation is integrally closed, and let be integral over . Because is a domain, it is nonzero, so [L3] applies and makes the -algebra a finite -module. For each maximal ideal , the same element is integral over by [L2], so the hypothesis gives and therefore . Thus the localisation of the inclusion at every maximal ideal is surjective.
Every maximal ideal is prime, so step 1.1 implies that if all prime localisations are integrally closed, then all maximal localisations are integrally closed.
By [L4], the map is surjective. Hence , so . By [L1], the domain is integrally closed.
Step 1.1 proves , step 2.1 gives , and step 2.2 proves . Therefore the three conditions are equivalent.
Depends on
Integral closure in an extension ring and integrally closed domains
Integrality and integral closure commute with localisation
Integrality and finite-module characterizations for one element
Assuming the Axiom of Choice, local criteria for zero modules and for injective, surjective, and bijective maps
In a nonzero commutative ring, every proper ideal is contained in a maximal ideal
Localising twice is localising once at the multiplicative set generated by both denominator sets
Localisation at a prime ideal: