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Stable Stiefel space is contractible

Statement

For F=R or C and fixed n≥0, the stable Stiefel space Vn(F∞) is contractible. For n=0 it is already a point. For n>0 there is an explicit contraction that first moves every frame to odd coordinates and then rotates it to a fixed frame in the even coordinates. The odd- and even-coordinate embeddings are each homotopic to the identity through the same Gram-normalized injective linear paths.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: F∈{R,C} and fixed n≥0.

[F1]

Stable Stiefel space is the weak direct limit of its finite stages, whose points are orthonormal n-frames (Stiefel spaces, Grassmannians, and tautological bundles).

[F2]

Franklin and Thomas, Topology Proceedings 2 (1977), printed pp.111 and 113, define a kω-decomposition as an increasing compact-Hausdorff exhaustion with the weak topology and state in Property 4 that products of two such decompositions have the weak topology of the stagewise products. In particular, product with the compact interval is tested on finite stages.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1algebra

The case n=0 is the one-point space by [F1]. Suppose n>0. Let O(er)=e2r−1 and P(er)=e2r. For Q∈{O,P} put LsQ=(1−s)I+sQ. Every LsQ is injective. For s>0 and a nonzero finite vector whose largest nonzero coordinate is r, coordinate 2r of LsPv is svr≠0. For Q=O and r>1, coordinate 2r−1 is svr≠0, while for r=1 coordinate 1 is v1. The case s=0 is immediate.

2.1step 1.1algebra

If u=(u1,…,un) is a frame, injectivity of LsQ makes LsQu1,…,LsQun independent. Writing their column matrix as AsQ, the Gram-normalized matrix AsQ((AsQ)∗AsQ)−1/2 is an orthonormal frame and varies continuously in (u,s) because positive-definite finite matrices have continuous inverse square roots. For each Q∈{O,P} this homotopes u to Q(u), since L0Q=I and Q is an isometry.

3.1step 2.1algebra

Let E=(e2,e4,…,e2n). The vectors of O(u) occupy odd coordinates and are orthogonal to the vectors of E. Therefore, for 0≤θ≤π/2, the columns cos⁡θ O(ui)+sin⁡θ e2i are orthonormal: their pairings are (cos⁡2θ+sin⁡2θ)δij. They give a homotopy from O(u) to the constant frame E.

4.1F1F2step 2.1step 3.1∎

Each finite Stiefel stage is compact Hausdorff because it is a closed subspace of a finite product of unit spheres, and its coordinate inclusion into the next stage is closed. Thus [F1] is a kω-decomposition. By [F2], Vn(F∞)×I has the weak topology tested on Vn(FN)×I. On that product stage, the O and P homotopies in step 2.1 land respectively in Vn(F2N−1) and Vn(F2N), while step 3.1 lands in a finite stage containing also the first 2n coordinates. The compatible stagewise formulas are continuous, so [F2] proves ordinary continuity of both parity homotopies and of their concatenation from the identity to the constant frame E. This is the required contraction and uses no choice principle.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources