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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passaudited 2026-09-14
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Vector bundles are glued from transition cocycles

Statement

Let (Ui)i∈I be an open cover of X, and let gji:Ui∩Uj→GL⁡n(F) be continuous maps such that

gii=I,gki=gkjgji.

The quotient of ∐iUi×Fn by (x,v,i)∼(x,gji(x)v,j) is a rank-n F-vector bundle. Replacing gji by gji′=hjgjihi−1 for continuous hi:Ui→GL⁡n(F) gives an isomorphic bundle. Every rank-n bundle is recovered from the cocycle of any linear atlas.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The cover and cocycle in the statement.

[F1]

A vector bundle is locally a product by fiberwise-linear charts, and its transition order is gki=gkjgji (Real and complex topological vector bundles).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F2givenalgebra

The cocycle with k=i gives gijgji=I. Hence the displayed relation is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive: the transitive calculation is gkj(gjiv)=gkiv. It therefore defines a quotient q:∐iUi×Fn→E and a map p:E→X by p[x,v,i]=x. Since pq(x,v,i)=x is continuous on every summand, the quotient property [F2] makes p continuous.

2.1F1F2step 1.1

The quotient map q is open. Indeed, if O is open in the coproduct, then the part of its saturation in the jth summand is the union over k of the images of O∩((Uj∩Uk)×Fn×{k}) under the homeomorphism (x,v,k)↦(x,gjk(x)v,j); its inverse uses gkj=gjk−1. Hence every such part is open. The restriction of q over the saturated open set p−1(Ui) is therefore again a quotient map. Define Φi[x,v,k]=(x,gik(x)v). The cocycle makes this independent of the representative, and its composite with the restricted quotient map is continuous on every summand, so [F2] makes Φi continuous. Its inverse is (x,w)↦[x,w,i] and is continuous as the ith-summand inclusion followed by q. Thus Φi:p−1(Ui)≅Ui×Fn is a fiberwise-linear chart. Its overlap from i to j is gji, so [F1] proves that E is the claimed bundle.

3.1F2step 2.1algebra

For the primed cocycle, the maps on summands (x,v,i)↦[x,hi(x)v,i]′ respect the relation because gji′hi=hjgji. By [F2] they descend to a continuous fiberwise-linear map E→E′. Replacing hi by hi−1 gives its continuous inverse, so it is a bundle isomorphism.

4.1F1F2step 2.1∎

Finally, a linear atlas of a rank-n bundle supplies the functions gji and their cocycle law by [F1]. Sending the quotient class [x,v,i] to ϕi−1(x,v) is well-defined, continuous by [F2], and in each chart is the identity map on Ui×Fn. It is therefore a bundle isomorphism from the reconstructed quotient to the original bundle.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources