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Antipodal generic points in a central relative ball

Statement

Let E=ΘJ and let BE(u,r) be a relative ball supplied by the central-relative-ball lemma. One can choose v,v′∈BE(u,r) lying on no hyperplane of HJ with v′=2u−v. If dim⁡E>0, they can be chosen distinct, and u lies in the relative interior of their segment [v,v′]={(1−s)v+sv′:0≤s≤1}. Here the relative interior of this nondegenerate segment means {(1−s)v+sv′:0<s<1}. If E=0, take v=v′=u; the relative arrangement is empty.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

The space E=ΘJ is a finite-dimensional real vector space with the induced coordinate Euclidean norm. Each member of HJ is a proper linear hyperplane K=ker⁡a for a nonzero linear functional a:E→R, by Tits cone intersections, relative roots and arrangements.

[F2]

The fixed ball BE(u,r) has r>0, lies in Cone(J), and meets only finitely many relative hyperplanes; each such hyperplane contains u, by Shrink the finite relative ball to a central arrangement.

[F3]

A finite family of proper linear subspaces cannot cover a finite-dimensional vector space over an infinite field, by A finite-dimensional vector space over an infinite field is not a finite union of proper subspaces.

Proof

Given: The relative space and arrangement in [F1], the central finite relative ball in [F2], and finite-union avoidance in [F3]. Goal: Construct the antipodal pair, with the stated relative segment interior in positive dimension and the stated zero-dimensional case.

Proof technique: direct.

1.1F1F2F3choose

If E=0, then u=0, and there are no proper linear hyperplanes in E, so HJ is empty and v=v′=u has the required properties. Suppose dim⁡E>0. By [F2], the relative hyperplanes meeting the ball form a finite set K and all contain u; by [F1], they are proper linear subspaces of E. Since R is infinite, [F3] supplies h∈E∖⋃K∈KK. If K is nonempty, this h is nonzero because every K contains 0; if K is empty, choose any nonzero h∈E.

2.1step 1.1F1F2algebra∎

Choose t>0 with t∥h∥<r and put v=u+th, v′=u−th, so both points lie in BE(u,r). For K=ker⁡a∈K, [F1] gives a nonzero linear functional a, [F2] gives a(u)=0, and step 1.1 gives a(h)≠0. Thus a(v)=ta(h) and a(v′)=−ta(h) are nonzero. No other relative hyperplane meets the ball, by the definition of K, so neither point lies on any relative hyperplane. Also v+v′=2u and v−v′=2th≠0. The segment parametrization in the Statement therefore gives u=(1−1/2)v+(1/2)v′ with 0<1/2<1, placing u in its stated relative interior.

Depends on

Used by · 1

Dependency tree · 2 levels

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