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An independent symmetric-Gaussian norm moment input

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let Y be a real symmetric r×r matrix, r≥1, whose entries on one triangular half including the diagonal are independent N(0,1) variables. Mirrored entries coincide and the diagonal variance is one. With the vertex Hilbert-space operator norm, for every integer ℓ≥2,

(E∥Y∥2ℓ)1/(2ℓ)≤2r+22ℓ.

Moreover,

(ETr⁡(Y2ℓ))1/(2ℓ)≤r1/(2ℓ)(2r+22ℓ).

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

The triangular realization has finite moments, the extreme values have common mean 0≤m≤2r, and the centered reduction gives ∥Y∥≤m+W, where W=max⁡(∣λ+−m∣,∣λ−−m∣). Triangular Gaussian coordinates: metric and moment control, Expected extreme eigenvalues from finite Gaussian comparison, Extreme-value Lipschitz bounds and centered norm reduction.

[F2]

Minkowski on a probability space gives the triangle inequality for the norm ∥X∥2ℓ=(E∣X∣2ℓ)1/(2ℓ); the nonnegative integral is monotone. Minkowski's inequality for integrals, including p = ∞, Monotonicity and nonnegative homogeneity of the nonnegative integral.

[F3]

The even trace moment is bounded by the corresponding operator-norm moment times r1/(2ℓ). Even trace moments transfer from the operator norm.

[F4]

The specialized Gaussian concentration estimate in External input gives EW2ℓ≤ℓ!4ℓ+1≤(22ℓ)2ℓ for this same triangular Gaussian matrix and every integer ℓ≥2.

External input

For this same real symmetric variance-one triangular Gaussian matrix, set S={v∈Rr:∥v∥2=1}. With λ+=sup⁡v∈SvTYv and λ−=−inf⁡v∈SvTYv, Bandeira and van Handel prove the following Gaussian-concentration estimate in the proof of Lemma 2.2 (printed/PDF p. 7): for every integer p≥2, Emax⁡(∣λ+−Eλ+∣2p,∣λ−−Eλ−∣2p)≤p!4p+1≤(22p)2p. This specialized estimate is imported. No local proof of Gaussian concentration is asserted.

Proof

Given: The objects and hypotheses in the Statement.

Goal: Establish all the stated estimates.

1.1F1F4given

The upper-triangular formulation is the same law as the source lower-triangular formulation: reflection merely relabels independent coordinates and leaves the diagonal standard normal. The five local preparatory lemmas fix this realization, the quadratic-process increment comparison and mean, the centered maximum reduction, and the trace transfer. By [F1], the two extreme means both equal m. Consequently the imported estimate in External input applies with p=ℓ to precisely W, and gives ∥W∥2ℓ≤22ℓ.

2.1F1F2F3step 1.1algebra∎

The pointwise bound 0≤∥Y∥≤m+W, monotonicity, and Minkowski in [F2] give (E∥Y∥2ℓ)1/(2ℓ)≤∥m+W∥2ℓ≤m+∥W∥2ℓ≤2r+22ℓ. All moments used are finite by [F1]. Applying [F3] gives the stated trace bound with the factor r1/(2ℓ).

Source notes

The five intermediate items are local proofs, preceding this remaining external import. Their mean comparison follows the method of Lemma 2.2, using the already authored finite-net supplier; the concentration display is explicitly retained as an external premise. Read Lemma 2.2 and its complete two-page proof, checked its variance-one diagonal convention and the following trace use, and inspected the corresponding PDF images. The cited general concentration theorems were not read. No claim of a wholly local concentration proof or independent review is made.

Depends on

Used by · 1

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Each result is drawn at its shortest distance from this item. Arrows run from prerequisites to the items that use them; this item has a heavier outline. External source nodes link directly to the cited text. The view shows up to two dependency steps; open a prerequisite to continue.

External dependencies

Afonso S. Bandeira and Ramon van Handel, Sharp nonasymptotic bounds on the norm of random matrices with independent entries · Lemma 2.2, printed/PDF pp. 6–7; Gaussian concentration display at top of p. 7; triangular matrix convention in Proposition 2.1 and Lemma 2.2 on p. 6

For a real symmetric r by r matrix with independent N(0,1) entries on and below the diagonal, write lambda_plus=sup_{||v||=1}v^TYv and lambda_minus=-inf_{||v||=1}v^TYv. For every integer p>=2, E max(|lambda_plus-E lambda_plus|^{2p},|lambda_minus-E lambda_minus|^{2p}) <= p! 4^{p+1} <= (2 sqrt(2p))^{2p}.

Hypotheses: Integer r>=1; real symmetric matrix; independent standard real Gaussian entries on one triangular half INCLUDING the diagonal; reflected entries identical; integer p>=2. Both extreme-value means are taken under this same matrix law.

Reading limits: Read the entire statement and proof of Lemma 2.2 on PDF/printed pp. 6–7, the adjacent Proposition 2.1 matrix convention, and the following trace application on p. 7; inspected rendered page images for formulas. The Ledoux–Talagrand Gaussian-concentration theorems cited there were not read or reconstructed. Only the displayed specialized fluctuation estimate is imported; the local five-helper chain supplies the coordinate setup, integrability, comparison mean and trace transfer.

Sources