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Cross-block coherences can change Choi weights in a finite cascade

Statement

On V0⊕V1⊕V2, take H=ω0∑J=02J(J+1)PJ and Lδ=γ∑J=12(2J+1)/(2J−1)∑m=−J,…,J∣m+δ∣≤J−1C1,δ;J,mJ−1,m+δ∣J−1,m+δ⟩⟨J,m∣, δ=−1,0,1, γ>0, ω0∈R, and t≥0, with zero lift. Here PJ is the orthogonal projection onto VJ; the inner sum includes only the displayed valid magnetic labels, and every excluded source entry of Lδ is zero. Put a=1−e−γt, b=(5γt/3)e−γt and c=γ5/3e−γt/2∫0te−γs/2+i2ω0sds. For these matrices, let Nt=etL be the finite GKSL channel, with L(X)=−i[H,X]+∑δ=−11(LδXLδ†−{Lδ†Lδ,X}/2). The unnormalized Choi eigenvalues of Nt are 1+8e−γt once, the two eigenvalues λ±=(a+b±(a−b)2+4∣c∣2)/2 each three times, and p2=1−(1+γt)e−γt five times. All remaining eigenvalues are zero. In particular this full Choi spectrum need not be independent of ω0, even when the jumps and γ are held fixed.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

Use the finite spin bases and ordered Clebsch–Gordan convention. Finite spin blocks, spherical tensors and Clebsch–Gordan phases

[F2]

The total squared coefficient for each source state is (2J−1)/(2J+1). Clebsch–Gordan total-rate identity

[F3]

The finite channel is the exact sum of no-jump and ordered-jump amplitudes with E(u)=exp⁡(u[−iH−∑δLδ†Lδ/2]). Finite no-jump and ordered-jump expansion

[F4]

Vectorized Kraus amplitudes sum to the unnormalized Choi matrix, whose eigenvalues are canonical weights. Canonical Choi eigenvectors, Kraus rank and branch weights

[F5]

For finite matrices with Hermitian H and t≥0, the GKSL generator in the Statement defines the channel Nt=etL, and Tr⁡(Nt(X))=Tr⁡(X) for every matrix X. Finite GKSL evolution and the QEC channel interface

Proof

Given: The finite matrices and t≥0. Goal: Compute the full Choi spectrum and identify its energy dependence.

1.1F1F2F3

For each fixed δ, distinct source basis vectors with nonzero jump coefficients have distinct destination basis vectors within each source block; zero coefficients contribute nothing. Different destination blocks are orthogonal. Summing the squared coefficients using [F2] gives ∑δLδ†Lδ=γ(P1+P2). Thus E(u) acts as one on V0, as e−γu/2−i2ω0u on V1 and as e−γu/2−i6ω0u on V2. At most two downward jumps are nonzero.

1.2F1F2

Put Aδ=LδP1 and Bδ=LδP2. These six matrices are mutually orthogonal in the Hilbert–Schmidt inner product except for the intended pairing in each channel, which is also orthogonal because its source and target blocks differ. Their squared norms are γ and 5γ/3, respectively. Explicitly, for J=1 each fixed δ has one squared CG coefficient 1/3. For J=2, the δ=0 nonzero squares are 3/10,4/10,3/10, and for δ=+1 they are 6/10,3/10,1/10; δ=−1 is their reflection. To check the finite coefficient calculation, a highest-weight vector of the spin-one summand in V1⊗V2 is 10−1/2(∣1,1⟩∣2,0⟩−3∣1,0⟩∣2,1⟩+6∣1,−1⟩∣2,2⟩). Applying the total raising operator gives zero, and its squared norm is one; applying the total lowering operator and dividing by 2 gives its magnetic-zero vector, with coefficients 3/10,−4/10,3/10. A second lowering and division by 2 gives the reflected magnetic-minus-one vector. These exhaust the spin-one summand and give the listed squares. For V1⊗V1, the normalized spin-zero vector has coefficients (1,−1,1)/3 in the three weight-zero product states. Thus the sums and norms are as stated. Multiplication by the stated prefactors gives the norms.

2.1F3F4step 1.1step 1.2

By [F3], the one-jump amplitude for channel δ at s equals e−γs/2−i2ω0sAδ+e−γt/2−i2ω0t−i4ω0sBδ. In the normalized vectorized basis Aδ/γ,Bδ/5γ/3 its Choi integral is a two-by-two Hermitian block with diagonal a,b and off-diagonal of modulus ∣c∣; the harmless constant phase ei2ω0t cancels from that modulus. Different δ blocks have disjoint matrix-unit supports. Diagonalizing this two-by-two matrix gives λ± with the stated multiplicities.

3.1F2F3F4F5step 1.1step 2.1

The no-jump Choi term is one vector outer product on the block-preserving matrix units and has nonzero eigenvalue ∥E(t)∥HS2=1+8e−γt. Every two-jump amplitude maps V2 to the one-dimensional V0. Its output is therefore a scalar times the ground projector. Trace preservation from [F5] and step 1.1 show that, on any input matrix supported in V2, the no-jump trace is e−γtTr⁡X and the exactly-one-jump trace is γte−γtTr⁡X: in a one-jump trajectory the entire duration is in excited blocks and the summed jump rate is γ. The remaining trace is p2Tr⁡X. Hence the two-jump map is X↦p2Tr⁡(P2X)P0, with five Choi eigenvalues p2. Its matrix-unit support is disjoint from the zero- and one-jump supports. There are no further terms.

4.1F4step 2.1step 3.1∎

The formula ∣c∣2=(5γ2/3)e−γt[1+e−γt−2e−γt/2cos⁡(2ω0t)]/[(γ/2)2+4ω02] follows by integrating the exponential in its definition. At fixed t>0, its numerator is bounded while the denominator diverges as ω0→∞, whereas it is nonzero at generic finite ω0. Consequently the displayed one-jump eigenvalues can vary with ω0, despite fixed dissipative coefficients. Unitary changes of input or output frame conjugate the Choi matrix by a tensor-product unitary and preserve its eigenvalues, so this variation cannot be removed by a frame convention.

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