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Finite-preparation residual budget and its remote-boundary limit

Statement

Fix arbitrary finite real constants Γ>0 and τ≥0. Fix positive integers m,n, a field F∈{R,C} with its usual absolute value, and the matrix space E=Mm×n(F) with any fixed norm ∥⋅∥:E→R≥0. Let B(t):E→E be a fixed family of maps, defined for all real t; linearity is not required. Let (tν)ν≥1 be a real sequence with tν→−∞, and let ρν:(tν,∞)→E be differentiable curves. Derivatives are taken with respect to real time in real coordinates, using the real and imaginary entries when F=C, and are reassembled as matrices in E. Suppose ∥ρ˙ν(t)−B(t)[ρν(t)]∥≤Γ2τ+Γτ/(t−tν) for every t>tν.

For every fixed finite observation interval [u,v] with u≤v, choose ν0 such that tν<u for all ν≥ν0. For these indices define Rν=sup⁡t∈[u,v]∥ρ˙ν(t)−B(t)[ρν(t)]∥ and δν=Γτ/(u−tν). Then 0≤Rν≤Γ2τ+δν, δν→0, and lim sup⁡ν≥ν0Rν≤Γ2τ. The limit superior is taken on this tail, reindexed as a sequence. This is a limit of error budgets; it asserts no convergence, existence or uniqueness of the matrix curves themselves.

Facts & Assumptions

[F2]

Matrices in E=Mm×n(F) have entrywise vector-space operations. The vector space M_m × n(F) := F^ m × n of m by n matrices over a field, with entrywise operations

[F3]

The chosen norm on E is a nonnegative real-valued function, definite, absolutely homogeneous and subadditive. Normed vector space over an absolutely valued field

[F4]

The real-coordinate derivative is the limit of the difference quotient; it exists exactly when all real coordinate derivatives exist. Applying this definition to the list of real entries, or real and imaginary entries, specifies the matrix derivative used here. The derivative and the Riemann integral of a vector-valued function: an intrinsic derivative and a componentwise integral

[F5]

The condition tν→−∞ means that for each real a, eventually tν<a. Convergence of a real sequence to zero means that for every positive rational ε, eventually its absolute value is less than ε. Divergence to +∞ and to -∞ Limits and Cauchy sequences of reals

[F6]

Every nonempty real set bounded above has a real supremum, which is at most each of its upper bounds. Complete ordered field (least-upper-bound property)

[F7]

For a real sequence (xk), lim sup⁡kxk=inf⁡Nsup⁡k≥Nxk in the extended real line. Limit superior and limit inferior of a real sequence as infₙ sup_k ≥ n xₖ and supₙ inf_k ≥ n xₖ in ℝ̄

Proof

Given: The stated matrix space, norm, maps, curves and pointwise residual bound. Goal: Bound the residual uniformly on each fixed observation interval and then bound its tail limit superior.

1.1givenF2F3F4F5F6

By tν→−∞, there is ν0 with tν<u for all ν≥ν0. Fix such an index. The derivative and B(t)[ρν(t)] both lie in E, so their difference has a nonnegative real norm. For t∈[u,v], t−tν≥u−tν>0. Since Γτ≥0, the pointwise residual bound is at most Γ2τ+δν. The interval is nonempty, so the set of residual norms is nonempty and bounded above. Its real supremum therefore exists and satisfies 0≤Rν≤Γ2τ+δν.

2.1givenF5step 1.1

If Γτ=0, then δν=0 on the chosen tail. Otherwise, for every positive real ε, divergence to −∞ gives tν<u−Γτ/ε eventually. Hence u−tν>Γτ/ε and 0≤δν<ε eventually. In either case δν→0 by the real-sequence limit definition.

3.1F5F6F7step 1.1step 2.1∎

Fix a positive real ε and choose N≥ν0 so that δν<ε for every ν≥N. Step 1.1 gives Rν≤Γ2τ+ε throughout that tail. Thus sup⁡ν≥NRν≤Γ2τ+ε, and the tail-infimum definition gives lim sup⁡ν≥ν0Rν≤Γ2τ+ε. This holds for every positive real ε, so lim sup⁡ν≥ν0Rν≤Γ2τ. The argument imposes no relation between different curves and therefore asserts no convergence of them.

Depends on

Used by · 2

Dependency tree · 2 levels

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