Alphabeta Math
CounterexampleConstruction: Literature-sourcedVerification: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedaudited 2026-09-22
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A nondominant integral highest-weight module can be infinite-dimensional

Statement refuted

Assume the Axiom of Choice. If a functional λ is integral, then the highest weight module M(λ) of weight λ is finite-dimensional.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The Axiom of Choice, sl2(C) with Cartan subalgebra h=Ch and chosen positive system Φ+={α} with simple-root base Δ={α}, where α(h)=2, with coroot hα=h (Coroot of a Lie-algebra root, The special linear Lie algebra sl_2), the functional λh with λ(h)=1, and the highest weight module M(λ) of Verma modules for sl2.

[A1]

The Axiom of Choice is assumed; it is inherited through the cited module and the general highest-weight and integral-weight definitions (The Axiom of Choice).

[L1]

λ is integral: λ,α=λ(hα)=λ(h)=1Z, but it is not dominant, since 1 is not nonnegative (Integral, dominant, and strictly dominant weights, Coroot of a Lie-algebra root).

[L2]

Every Verma module M(λ) in Verma modules for sl2 has the infinite basis vk=fkv0, k0, and is therefore infinite-dimensional. [example statement]

Counterexample

technique · direct
1.1

The functional λ with λ(h)=1 is integral by [L1], so it satisfies the hypothesis of the refuted statement.

L1A1
1.2

By [L2] the highest weight module M(λ) for this λ is infinite-dimensional; the conclusion of the refuted statement ("M(λ) is finite-dimensional") thus fails.

L2
2.1

The witness is explicit: the integral but nondominant functional λ with λ(h)=1 and the module M(λ) with its infinite basis vk=fkv0, k0; the failed conclusion is the implication from integrality to finite-dimensionality.

step 1.1step 1.2

Depends on

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Sources