How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
A regular module with bases of sizes one and two
Statement refuted
Finite free rank need not be invariant over a noncommutative ring. There is a unital ring for which the regular left module is isomorphic to , so it has bases of sizes one and two.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A field , an -vector space with basis , and with multiplication given by composition.
Invariant basis number would forbid an isomorphism of regular left modules (Invariant basis number and the rank of a free module).
Linear maps form a vector space under pointwise addition and scalar multiplication ( is a vector space over the common scalar field).
Composition of linear maps is associative and has the identity map as identity (Identity maps and composites of linear maps are linear).
A unital ring has an abelian-group addition, associative multiplication with an identity, and both distributive laws (Ring: an abelian group under addition and a monoid under multiplication, with multiplication distributing over addition on both sides).
A basis is a linearly independent subset that spans the vector space (Basis of a vector space: a linearly independent spanning subset; and ordered basis: an injective finite list whose image is a basis).
Counterexample
Define and . Define , , , and . Extending the formulas across the unique finite basis expressions from [F5] gives four endomorphisms.
On every basis vector, is the identity when and zero otherwise, while . Unique finite basis expressions from [F5] make these identities hold on all of .
The operations from [F2] and [F3] satisfy the ring axioms [F4], so is a unital ring. Define left -linear maps and by Associativity and distributivity give left linearity.
The identities in step 2.1 give and , so and are inverse isomorphisms.
Therefore , refuting finite rank invariance in this ring as [F1] records.
Depends on
- Invariant basis number and the rank of a free module
- Basis of a vector space: a linearly independent spanning subset; and ordered basis: an injective finite list whose image is a basis
- $\mathcal L(V,W)$ is a vector space over the common scalar field
- Identity maps and composites of linear maps are linear
- Ring: an abelian group under addition and a monoid under multiplication, with multiplication distributing over addition on both sides
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · next 3 levels
Direct dependencies and their dependencies through the next three levels: 60 results over 19 levels. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, and this result sits at the bottom with a heavier outline. Click the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- A. Kleshchev, Lectures on Abstract Algebra for Graduate Students, sections 3.6, 3.14, and 3.15 (standard reference, not scraped)
- The Stacks Project, Algebra (standard reference, not scraped)
- P. Hekmati, Homological Algebra, section 3.1 (standard reference, not scraped)