How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Homeomorphism type does not determine smooth structure in dimension seven
Statement refuted
False claim: two closed smooth seven-manifolds that are homeomorphic have diffeomorphic smooth structures; equivalently, the homeomorphism type of a closed seven-manifold determines its smooth structure up to diffeomorphism.
Counterexample
Given: The Axiom of Choice and countable choice, the standard sphere with its standard smooth structure, and the Milnor sphere bundle with .
By The Milnor sphere is homeomorphic but not diffeomorphic to the manifold is homeomorphic to .
The same theorem gives , while because the standard sphere bounds the disk with , and the invariant is negated by orientation reversal so its zero value is fixed by reversal.
If the two closed smooth seven-manifolds were diffeomorphic with either orientation, the invariant of step 2.1 would agree, since an orientation-preserving diffeomorphism preserves and an orientation-reversing one sends to ; the values and differ modulo seven, so no such diffeomorphism exists.
Therefore and are homeomorphic closed smooth seven-manifolds with non-diffeomorphic smooth structures, which refutes the statement.
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Dependency tree · two levels
8 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- John Milnor, On Manifolds Homeomorphic to the 7-Sphere, Annals of Mathematics 64 (1956), 399-405 (standard reference, not scraped)