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CounterexampleConstruction: Literature-sourcedVerification: AI-adaptedprecheck passaudited 2026-09-04
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Not every monoidal category is rigid

Statement refuted

Every monoidal category is rigid.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A field k, the monoidal category Vectk, and the infinite-dimensional vector space V=k[x].

Counterexample

technique · direct
1.1

Let k be a field and let Vectk be the category of all k-vector spaces with the usual tensor product and unit object k. This is a monoidal category, and V:=k[x] is infinite-dimensional by [L1].

givenL1
1.2

Assume for contradiction that V had a left dual (V,ev,coev). Because coev(1)VV is a single tensor in an algebraic tensor product, it is a finite sum i=1mvifi with fiV. Applying the first zig-zag identity to any vV gives v=i=1mev(fiv)vi, so every vector of V lies in the span of the finite set {v1,,vm}.

assume-contraalgebra
2.1

Step 1.2 makes V finite-dimensional, contradicting that k[x] has no finite basis. Therefore V has no left dual, hence is not rigid, so Vectk is a monoidal category that is not rigid.

discharge-contradiction: infinite-dimensional vector spaces cannot be finitely spanned

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources