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Simon query lower bounds do not imply explicit-input gate lower bounds

Statement refuted

For the Simon decision promise, the classical-versus-quantum oracle-query separation implies that the same promise problem, with an explicit full truth-table input of length L, has no deterministic algorithm running in time polynomial in L.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The same YES/NO function promise in two distinct access models: classical oracle queries, and a binary input containing the complete table.

[F1]

Classical randomized Simon decision requires square-root-many queries: oracle-only classical randomized decision requires Ω(2n/2) queries.

[F2]

Simon rank test correctness and linear query cost: the quantum rank test uses n+2 queries under the same oracle promise.

[F3]

Simon injectivity decision promise with XOR-oracle access: a table has N=2n addresses and n output bits per address; the oracle model counts calls separately from an explicit table encoding.

[F4]

The classes DTIME, NTIME, DSPACE, and NSPACE and Worst-case time and space complexity of a machine: deterministic polynomial time is measured in the length of the explicit binary input.

[F5]

Circuit-family and computation cost model: named oracle calls and ordinary gate costs are separate resource coordinates.

Counterexample

1.1givenF3constructalgebra

Let N=2n and L=nN+n+1, the length of the unary-header table code. For each of the (N2) distinct address pairs, scan the table to retrieve both n-bit outputs and answer NO if they coincide; answer YES if no pair collides. On a promised table this is correct, since YES functions are injective and every NO function has a collision.

2.1F3F4step 1.1algebra

One table scan and output comparison take O(L) transitions, so the (N2) pairs take O(N2L) time. Since N≤L, this is O(L3); the explicit-table promise problem is therefore in deterministic polynomial time under [F4].

3.1F1F2F5step 2.1∎

The oracle bounds in [F1] and [F2] charge calls to f or Uf, whereas the explicit-input algorithm charges table scans and ordinary computation as required by [F5]. The deterministic O(L3) algorithm in step 2.1 contradicts the asserted absence of a polynomial-in-L algorithm. Thus this oracle-query separation does not imply superpolynomial classical running time in the explicit-input length. This comparison does not refute an Ω(2n/2) time bound measured in n: the explicit table already has length L=n2n+n+1.

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