How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
The sum of two divergent sequences can converge:
Statement refuted
Refuted claim: if the sum of two sequences of reals converges, then and both converge.
The witnesses are and , where denotes the canonical natural of (Canonical naturals are positive and strictly increasing): diverges to and to , while the sum is the constant sequence , which converges to (Sequences of reals: bounded, eventually, frequently, tails, subsequences, Limits and Cauchy sequences of reals). This is the caution noted immediately after the algebra of limits: the clauses of Algebra of limits: sums, scalar multiples, products and quotients may not be read backwards.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The sequences and , where the natural denotes its canonical image in (Sequences of reals: bounded, eventually, frequently, tails, subsequences, Canonical naturals are positive and strictly increasing).
Divergence to signed infinity: when for every real there is with for all ; and when for every real there is with for all (Divergence to and to ).
Archimedean property: for every real there is a natural number with (Every complete ordered field is Archimedean).
Canonical naturals: for every the element is positive, and is strictly increasing on , hence preserves non-strict order there (Canonical naturals are positive and strictly increasing).
Order arithmetic in an ordered field: means is positive, so if and only if ; and trichotomy holds for the strict order (Ordered field, Order on the reals).
Field arithmetic: every element has an additive inverse with , and (Field).
Absolute value: whenever , so (Absolute value in an ordered field).
Convergence: a sequence converges to when for every rational there is with for all (Limits and Cauchy sequences of reals).
Every convergent sequence is bounded: if converges to then there is with for every (Every convergent sequence is bounded).
Boundedness: is bounded when there is a real with for every (Sequences of reals: bounded, eventually, frequently, tails, subsequences).
A sequence diverging to or to is unbounded, and an unbounded sequence is not convergent — the latter being the contrapositive of [F8] (Divergence to and to , Every convergent sequence is bounded, Sequences of reals: bounded, eventually, frequently, tails, subsequences).
Sum rule of the algebra of limits: if converges to and converges to , then converges to (Algebra of limits: sums, scalar multiples, products and quotients).
Counterexample
diverges to : given a real , [F2] supplies a natural with , and for every the order preservation of [F3] gives , so ; this is the condition of [F1] with .
diverges to : given a real , apply [F2] to to get a natural with ; for every order preservation [F3] gives , and [F4] turns into , so for all .
For every the sum is , so the sum sequence is constantly .
The constant sequence converges to : for a rational and every , by [F6], so the threshold witnesses the condition of [F7].
Neither summand converges: by steps 1.1 and 1.2 the sequences diverge to signed infinity, so by [F10] they are unbounded in the sense of [F9] and do not converge. Meanwhile the sum converges to by step 2.1, although the convergence hypothesis of the sum rule [F11] fails for both summands; hence the sum rule cannot be read backwards and the refuted claim fails.
Depends on
- Divergence to $+\infty$ and to $-\infty$
- Every complete ordered field is Archimedean
- Canonical naturals are positive and strictly increasing
- Sequences of reals: bounded, eventually, frequently, tails, subsequences
- Limits and Cauchy sequences of reals
- Every convergent sequence is bounded
- Field
- Ordered field
- Order on the reals
- Absolute value in an ordered field
- Algebra of limits: sums, scalar multiples, products and quotients
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
33 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- John K. Hunter, An Introduction to Real Analysis (complete author-hosted lecture notes, 307 pp.) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Jiri Lebl, Basic Analysis I: Introduction to Real Analysis, Volume I (author-hosted complete book PDF) (standard reference, not scraped)