Alphabeta Math
CounterexampleConstruction: Literature-sourcedVerification: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-07
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Unbounded punctured harmonic singularity is not removable

Statement refuted

A harmonic function on a punctured ball need not have a harmonic extension at the puncture without growth control. On 0<x<1, use u(x)=logx for n=2 and u(x)=x2n for n3. Neither has even a continuous extension at zero.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The objects and hypotheses in the statement refuted.

[F1]

For n2, a harmonic function bounded near an isolated missing interior point extends uniquely; the specified subcritical little-o bounds also suffice. (Removable singularity for bounded harmonic functions).

Counterexample

technique · direct
1.1

For r=x>0, differentiating f(r) gives Δf(r)=f(r)+(n1)f(r)/r. For n=2, f=1/r and f=1/r2 cancel. For n3, f=(2n)r1n and f=(2n)(1n)rn also cancel. Thus both profiles are harmonic away from zero.

givenalgebra
2.1

The logarithm tends to as r0, and the negative power tends to +. Continuity at zero would require a finite limit, so no harmonic extension exists. These profiles violate boundedness near the point. Their signed ratios to the critical profiles in the stronger little-o removability condition are 1 for n=2 and 1 for n3, so in both cases the absolute ratio is one rather than tending to zero.

F1step 1.1algebra

Depends on

Used by

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Sources