Alphabeta Math
CorollaryStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedaudited 2026-09-22
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

The Brownian zero set is uncountable

Statement

Let B be a standard Brownian motion and let Z be its zero set The Brownian zero set. Almost surely, for every T>0 the set ZT=Z[0,T] is uncountable. In particular the zero set is almost surely uncountable in every nondegenerate interval [0,T], although by The Brownian zero set has Lebesgue measure zero it has Lebesgue measure zero there.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC, a standard Brownian motion B, its zero set Z, and T>0.

[F1]

Z is a closed subset of [0,) containing 0, and ZT=Z[0,T] is compact. The Brownian zero set

[F2]

Almost surely every point of Z is a limit point of Z, so Z has no isolated points. The Brownian zero set has no isolated points

[F3]

Almost surely λ(ZN)=0 for every integer horizon N1. The Brownian zero set has Lebesgue measure zero

[F4]

A set PR is perfect when it is closed and has no isolated points; every nonempty perfect subset of R is uncountable. Perfect subset of R: closed with no isolated points Every nonempty perfect subset of R is uncountable

[F5]

The rationals are dense in R. The rationals embed densely in the reals

[F6]

AC is the ambient assumption of the Brownian interfaces. The Axiom of Choice

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

Fix a rational q>0 with qZ; then Z[0,q] is nonempty because 0Z, it is closed in R as the intersection of the closed set Z with the closed interval [0,q], and it has no isolated points: for tZ[0,q] one has t<q, and by [F2] there are zeros of Z different from t in every neighbourhood of t, which for a neighbourhood of radius <min(qt,t+1) lie in [0,q].

F1F2F4given
1.2

Almost surely, for every T>0 there is a rational q(0,T) with qZ: by [F3] and monotonicity of Lebesgue measure, λ(ZT)=0<T=λ([0,T]), so ZT[0,T]; picking s(0,T)Z, openness of the complement of the closed set Z supplies a neighbourhood of s disjoint from Z, and [F5] supplies a rational q in that neighbourhood with 0<q<T.

F3F5given
2.1

On the probability-one event of [step 1.2] and [F2], and for a rational q as there, [step 1.1] exhibits Z[0,q] as a nonempty perfect subset of R; by [F4] it is uncountable, and since Z[0,q]ZT, the set ZT is uncountable.

step 1.1step 1.2F4
3.1

The cases are covered: T>0 is required, so the interval is nondegenerate; the rational q is chosen strictly inside (0,T) so that the potential isolated point q of Z[0,q] is excluded by qZ; the statement is asserted simultaneously for all T>0 on one probability-one event, obtained by intersecting the countably many events of [step 1.2] over rational T and using monotonicity in T; and AC enters only through [F6].

step 1.2step 2.1F1F6given

Source notes

Sousi, Theorem 6.39, states the zero set is almost surely closed with no isolated points, and Durrett, Section 7.4.1, derives uncountability from closedness and the absence of isolated points by the perfect-set theorem. The corollary adds the explicit choice of a rational point outside Z inside every horizon, which is what makes the subset used in the perfect-set theorem nonempty and genuinely free of the terminal-point exception.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

54 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources